Measured
Technology affects the utilisation rates, marginal productivity, and inter-input returns from production. Development and investment in technology leads to lower production costs, which, in turn, lead to improved social outcomes due to lower unit costs. Technology allows for the expansion of possible production within the same feasibility constraint, allowing Pareto efficient outcomes to be greater than before technological growth.
There are two possibilities that computers can have on the labor force. If computers are considered as capital that increases the productivity of the labor force, then firms will hire more labor. This is because the labor force can produce more at the same or lower cost than before because of the new capital. Another possibility is if the computer allows the same amount of work to be done with only one person instead of many, the labor force will decrease. This is because the firm only needs one person to do a job that many were doing before. These possibilities can be applied to any new technology or capital that increases productivity, which possibility depends on the technology and what plans the firm has for the future.
Gross primary production consists of the amount of light energy that is converted to chemical energy by photosynthesis per unit of time. This chemical energy is going to two places-- respiration and growth of new biomass. Net primary production omits the energy used in respiration... just the energy going to new plant growth. Mathematically: (R = respiration) NPP = GPR - R
Stock market investing indeed has a high level of risk most especially if you are new investor - some did lose as much as 60% during 2008 crisis - but the potential return can also be great. It is imperative that you have a prior knowledge before you test the waters of investing; risks can be managed through diversification and cost averaging.
Denmark biggest economic problem is minmal compared to the problem that europe is faing on its on. The Danish lived very comfortably with a huge surplus in 2008 before the economic recession. the only thing plaguing this country its their dependency on raw material from other countries, not to mention that they have a socialist mentallaty of redistributing the wealth which seems to be working quite effectively on their behalf.
The past tense is managed. For example:He managed a company.He has managed a company.He had managed a company before.
Bobby Cox managed before Freddy Gonzalez.
how did people managed before they have television
Ron Atkinson
they have a better engine than before
The Alamo North Wall was improved before the war begin by the Americans. (: I guess.
He has skills he has trained before.
Because they weren't that good before
through training and development
Eoin Hand
He has managed before but is currently footballing director at Bayern Munich.
Jet propulsion improved airplane flights. Before that piston engines were used. They were much slower compared to the jet engine.