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Long Run Production With Variable Inputs:
The long run is the lengthy period of time during with all inputs can be varied. There are no fixed output in the long run. All factors of production are variable inputs.
We now analyze production function by allowing two factors say labor and capital to very while all others are held constant. With both factors are variable, a firm can produce a given level of output by using more labor and less capital or a greater amount of capital and less labor or moderate amounts of both. A firm continues to substitute one input for another while continuing to produce the same level of output.
If two inputs say labor and capital are allowed to vary, the resulting production function can be illustrated in the figure 12(a).
Diagram/Figure:In this figure each curve (called an isoquant) represents a different level of output. The curves which lie higher and to the right represent greater output levels than curves which are lower and to the left.
For example, point D represents a higher output level of 250 units than point A or B which shows output level of 150 units.
The curve isoquant which represents 150 units of output illustrate that the same level of output (150 units) can be produced with different combinations of labor and capital. Combination of labor and capital represented by A, can employ OL1 quantity of labor and OC1 units of capital to produce 150 units of output.
The combination of labor and capital represented by point B will use only OL2 units of labor and OC1 of capital to produce the same level of output. Thus, if a country has surplus labor and less capital, it may use the combination of labor and capital represented by point A. In case the country has abundant capital and less labor, it might produce at point B. The isoquants through points A and B shows all the different combinations of labor and capita that can be used to produce 150 units of output.
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What is production function with one variable input?
The production function for a firm is the relationship between the quantities of inputs per time period and the maximum output that can be produced. It can be calculated for one or more than one variable factors of production. The one variable factor of production function corresponds to the short-run during which at least one factor of production is fixed .
Classification of inputs in economics?
-these are inputs that do not change with the volume of production.This means, wheter you produce or not, these factors of production are unchanged. -these inputs change in accordance with the volume of production. NO production means NO variable inputs, while more production means more variable inputs. -sage- :P e-add: sage.ronquillo@yahoo.com
Man is the most important factor of production. discuss?
Factors of production refers to the inputs of the production process.
How does a longrun production function differ from a shortrun production function?
üProduction function shows technological relationship between quantity of output and quantity of various inputs used in production. üProduction function in economic sense states the maximum output that can be produced during a period with certain quantity of various inputs in the existing state of technology. üIt is the tool of analysis which is used to explain input - output relationships. üIn general it tells that production of a commodity depends on specified inputs. ü ü
What are the managerial uses of production functions?
In microeconomics, a production function asserts that the maximum output of a technologically-determined production process is a mathematical production of input factors of production. Considering the set of all technically feasible combinations of output and inputs, only the combinations encompassing a maximum output for a specified set of inputs would constitute the production function. Alternatively, a production function can be defined as the specification of the minimum input requirements needed to produce designated quantities of output, given available technology. It is usually presumed that unique production functions can be constructed for every production technology. By assuming that the maximum output technologically possible from a given set of inputs is achieved, economists using a production function in analysis are abstracting away from the engineering and managerial problems inherently associated with a particular production process. The engineering and managerial problems of technical efficiency are assumed to be solved, so that analysis can focus on the problems of allocative efficiency. The firm is assumed to be making allocative choices concerning how much of each input factor to use, given the price of the factor and the technological determinants represented by the production function. A decision frame, in which one or more inputs are held constant, may be used; for example, capital may be assumed to be fixed or constant in the short run, and only labour variable, while in the long run, both capital and labour factors are variable, but the production function itself remains fixed, while in the very long run, the firm may face even a choice of technologies, represented by various, possible production functions. The relationship of output to inputs is non-monetary, that is, a production function relates physical inputs to physical outputs, and prices and costs are not considered. But, the production function is not a full model of the production process: it deliberately abstracts away from essential and inherent aspects of physical production processes, including error, entropy or waste. Moreover, production functions do not ordinarily model the business processes, either, ignoring the role of management, of sunk cost investments and the relation of fixed overhead to variable costs. (For a primer on the fundamental elements of microeconomic production theory, see production theory basics). The primary purpose of the production function is to address allocative efficiency in the use of factor inputs in production and the resulting distribution of income to those factors. Under certain assumptions, the production function can be used to derive a marginal product for each factor, which implies an ideal division of the income generated from output into an income due to each input factor of production.
What is production function with one variable input?
The production function for a firm is the relationship between the quantities of inputs per time period and the maximum output that can be produced. It can be calculated for one or more than one variable factors of production. The one variable factor of production function corresponds to the short-run during which at least one factor of production is fixed .
Classification of inputs in economics?
-these are inputs that do not change with the volume of production.This means, wheter you produce or not, these factors of production are unchanged. -these inputs change in accordance with the volume of production. NO production means NO variable inputs, while more production means more variable inputs. -sage- :P e-add: sage.ronquillo@yahoo.com
Man is the most important factor of production. discuss?
Factors of production refers to the inputs of the production process.
Production function relates to?
physical inputs to physical outputs
How does a longrun production function differ from a shortrun production function?
üProduction function shows technological relationship between quantity of output and quantity of various inputs used in production. üProduction function in economic sense states the maximum output that can be produced during a period with certain quantity of various inputs in the existing state of technology. üIt is the tool of analysis which is used to explain input - output relationships. üIn general it tells that production of a commodity depends on specified inputs. ü ü
What is the Cobb-Douglas function?
In economics, the Cobb-Douglas production function is a particular functional form of the production function, widely used to represent the technological relationship between the amounts of two or more inputs, particularly physical capital and labor, and the amount of output that can be produced by those inputs.
The difference between fixed and variable inputs?
difference between fixed and variable inputs
What are the managerial uses of production functions?
In microeconomics, a production function asserts that the maximum output of a technologically-determined production process is a mathematical production of input factors of production. Considering the set of all technically feasible combinations of output and inputs, only the combinations encompassing a maximum output for a specified set of inputs would constitute the production function. Alternatively, a production function can be defined as the specification of the minimum input requirements needed to produce designated quantities of output, given available technology. It is usually presumed that unique production functions can be constructed for every production technology. By assuming that the maximum output technologically possible from a given set of inputs is achieved, economists using a production function in analysis are abstracting away from the engineering and managerial problems inherently associated with a particular production process. The engineering and managerial problems of technical efficiency are assumed to be solved, so that analysis can focus on the problems of allocative efficiency. The firm is assumed to be making allocative choices concerning how much of each input factor to use, given the price of the factor and the technological determinants represented by the production function. A decision frame, in which one or more inputs are held constant, may be used; for example, capital may be assumed to be fixed or constant in the short run, and only labour variable, while in the long run, both capital and labour factors are variable, but the production function itself remains fixed, while in the very long run, the firm may face even a choice of technologies, represented by various, possible production functions. The relationship of output to inputs is non-monetary, that is, a production function relates physical inputs to physical outputs, and prices and costs are not considered. But, the production function is not a full model of the production process: it deliberately abstracts away from essential and inherent aspects of physical production processes, including error, entropy or waste. Moreover, production functions do not ordinarily model the business processes, either, ignoring the role of management, of sunk cost investments and the relation of fixed overhead to variable costs. (For a primer on the fundamental elements of microeconomic production theory, see production theory basics). The primary purpose of the production function is to address allocative efficiency in the use of factor inputs in production and the resulting distribution of income to those factors. Under certain assumptions, the production function can be used to derive a marginal product for each factor, which implies an ideal division of the income generated from output into an income due to each input factor of production.
Explain why a firm needs to know its short run production function to be able to calculate the costs of production?
In the fhort-run production, a firm can produce and various its quantities of inputs to maximize its profit in a period of time frame. Variable cost, fixed cost, total average cost, marginal cost ....profit.
Relationship of production function with other functional area of production management?
The production function in management needs the keen division of labor and monitoring of inputs. Production relates to other functions which include design, process management, storage and transportation.
What is a production period that allows changes only in variable inputs?
This production period is called the short run production period. This means that the amount of capital in the firm is fixed and cannot change because it takes time for the firm to receive ordered capital. In this situation the firm must change labor and materials (variable inputs) in order to maximize profits. The opposite of the short run production period is the long run production period. In the long run all inputs are flexible and the firm can theoretically maximize profits at any level of capital.
What do you mean by production function?
The relationship between the amount of input required and the amount of output that can be produced with the help of them is called the production function. It specifies the maximum output that can be produced with a given quantity of inputs for a given level of engineering or technical knowledge. Let, a firm produced only one type of output with two inputs (L, K). Thus, the general equation of this simple production function is Q=f(k, L)---------(i) Eqn (i) reads: the quantities of output is a function of or depends on the quantities of labor and capital used in production.
