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In a small open economy such as South Africa which is dependent on imported capital and intermediate goods the balance of payments is an important consideration and should be view as a constraint rather than a policy. In other words should there be a balance of payment deficit policy has to be geared to the elimination of this deficit. Authorities generally use restrictive monetary and fiscal policies to do this. These affect the level of growth and income which in turn lowers the demand for imports.

Therefore the scope of any expansionary fiscal and monetary policies are limited by the balance of payments considerations. (ie the balance of payments is a constraining factor)

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