Education and public schools
they do not have an effect
The main source of local government revenue is intergovernmental transfers.
public schools
State and local governments.
It depends on the area. Usually local governments, either country or city.
Education and public schools
Local governments should avoid using proposed grants that they have not yet received as revenue in their budgets, as this can create misleading financial statements and a false sense of fiscal stability. Incorporating such grants without accounting for the corresponding expenses may lead to budget imbalances and undermine transparency. It is essential for local governments to base their budgets on actual, secured funding to ensure responsible financial management and maintain public trust.
unfunded mandates
Mohammed A. Tukur has written: 'Model financial memoranda and the pattern of financial transactions for local governments in Nigeria'
local, state, and federal governments
Business rates are considered an expense for a business. They represent a tax levied on commercial properties, which companies must pay to local authorities. This expense impacts the overall profitability of the business and is accounted for in financial statements.
Local governments are not universally required to provide public housing, as this obligation varies by country and jurisdiction. In the United States, for example, while there are federal programs and funding for public housing, local governments have discretion in how they address housing needs. Some municipalities may choose to create or support public housing initiatives, but it's not mandated for all local governments. Ultimately, the responsibility for public housing often depends on local policies and available resources.
Local state governments derive their power primarily from the state constitution and state laws. These documents grant authority to local governments to enact ordinances, manage local affairs, and provide services to their communities. Additionally, state legislatures can delegate certain powers to local governments, allowing them to address specific needs and issues within their jurisdictions. This framework ensures that local governments operate within the bounds set by the state while also catering to the unique requirements of their communities.
Local financial reserves were exhausted An increase in sales taxes An elimination of unemployment relief programs
to provide opportunities for sports and other extracurricular activities
Local governments are ran as close to a direct democracy as the terms provide for.
The response is beyond the financial or operational capabilities of the local or tribal, and State governments.