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  • If wages rise, firms will try to pass on the cost increases to customers - leading to cost push inflation.
  • If wages rise, workers have an increase in income leading to higher disposable income and higher spending. - this can cause demand pull inflation.

However, it is possible that even with a shortage of labour we may avoid inflation.

  • If firms have monopsony power and can avoid paying higher wages despite the shortage
  • If vacancies are being filled by migrants from abroad. (though you could say if migrants can enter the labour market then there isn't a shortage, but, in the boom years of 2003-07, migrant labour was important for keeping inflationary pressures low in economies like Ireland and UK.
  • If other inflationary pressures are muted. A shortage of labour puts upward pressure on wage increases, but, other factors affect inflation. If interest rates are being increased and the economy is experiencing efficiency savings, overall inflation may not be affected very much.
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Q: How a shortage of labor might be a major cause of inflation?
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