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Mercantilism is a very protectionist form of economic policy. This means that a government using a mercantilist policy will aim at a positive trade balance: selling more to other countries then they sell to you. Resulting in making more money on your own sales than paying for other countries' products.

A mercantilist govenment will often use (covert) export subsidies to make its country's products more attractive, keeping the cost of products down by low wages and keeping the value of its currency low.

An example: China is today often accused of mercantilist policies to boost its trade balance.

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