bonds
Fewer citizens borrow money to buy houses or cars
Depends on what you are borrowing it for. Small business loans, FHA loans, student loans are through different agencies. You don't borrow directly from the government. You borrow from a private lender, and a government program guarantees them repayment.
It becomes more expensive for the private sector to borrow
It becomes more expensive for the private sector to borrow.
Governments raise most their funds through taxes and other revenue, and occasionally tax revenue is not enough for pay for the government taxes so as a result the government must borrow money by issuing bonds. A bond is a certificate stating that the government has borrowed a certain sum of money from the owner.
yes. states can borrow money from citizens through government bonds
Increased in value of money. If the currency increases in value then that means the amount owed by the government also gains in real value as well. As a result the government will do whatever it takes to inflate the debt away.
No. They can tax it if you withdraw from it, but borrow no.
Nobody decides how much money the government has to borrow. When the government wants to borrow money it has to issue or create debt with the US Treasury.
Fewer citizens borrow money to buy houses or cars
Depends on what you are borrowing it for. Small business loans, FHA loans, student loans are through different agencies. You don't borrow directly from the government. You borrow from a private lender, and a government program guarantees them repayment.
The Executive Branch
constitutionally limited
none
Britian
If you borrow someone's phone without their permission, even if you intend on returning it, you've committed "deprivation of property". If the individual allows you to borrow the phone, or you know they will not care, then no crime has been committed.
Cooperatives are organized groups that borrow money from the government in order to finance the installation of electrical services. This was part of the New Deal legislation.