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How a firm is run depends on the structure of corporate governance. In U.S. firms, most firms are run in a hierarchical model with clear chains of command over bureaucracies (i.e.) upper management decides what to do for lower workers). Given this system of decision-making, budgets are often determined simply by top management and passed down.
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Who presents the national budget to nation each year?
It depends on which country you refer to
How do countries decide which good to export and which good to import?
The capitalists in each country decide this, or at least they decide what they would like to do, but competition and the market can stop them.
What type of budgeting requires each manager to justify an entire budget request in detail?
Zero-base budgeting
Which type of governments are the wages of workers decide based upon the amount of effort from each worker?
Socialism
How does communism deal with scarcity or abundance?
They decide on an amount as to what each person will receive then divide it up based on your household
How would you describe a bottom-up budget?
A participatory, or bottom-up budget, on the other hand, starts with the employees in each department determining their needs and requirements in order to achieve the company goals.
Examples of sales budget?
A sales budget should show the estimated amount that a company could spend each quarter. The budget depends on the profit of each individual company.
Does the Us Army have a budget?
Yes, Congress establishes a yearly budget for the entire Defense Department, each branch has its own annual budget.
The Office of Management and Budget monitors how much money each agency or department is spending?
True
How would you describe a zero-based budget?
A zero-based budget, on the other hand, is a budget that does not take anything for granted. It starts from point zero for each budgetary element and department each year and attempts to justify every dollar of expenditure.
What are the role of budget controller in finance department?
In many cases, the role of a budget controller in a finance department has to ensure that funds allocated for certain parts of the company are spent properly and according to the specifications that are attached to spending. It is extremely important that any overages in spending be properly authorized. The controller works closely with the accounting department and the auditing department to make sure all spending is under control. In banks, the "books" must be balanced each day before closing.
Sample of an academic budget?
A sample academic budget will show a break down of what each department receives. It will also itemize what the departments received last year and how it was spent.
How do promoter companies decide on pricing for events such as seminars and concerts?
Promoter companies decide on pricing for events by market research and knowing the market place. Promoter companies will have to have a budget to underwrite the event cost and the marketing budget and also know how for each event.
Budget of 5000 for your wedding what should you do?
A good way to test, what you should do is to use a wedding budget calculator to decide how much each "feature" costs. Use this one if you haven't already found one: http://jennlanedesign.com/wedding-budget-calculator.php
What are the basic consideration in organization?
The basic considerations in organization would refer to the goals and objectives of a company. These include having human resources, establishing the core business, having a budget in place and so much more.
What is budget mismanagement?
Every business not matter how big or small should each year create a budget to run their business. Each department then will be allocated their share and expected to use that budget and NOT exceed it. There are time when despite your best endeavours the budget is just not enough and a re-budget is put in place . That is not done except in exceptional situations. Each person responsible for maintaining the control of the budget has to monitor these spending very carefully. If someone is not managing the spending or is spending their budgets on things that are not part of the business requirement etc then this is mismanagement.
What US federal law was enacted to specify the budget and expenditures of the US department of defense each fiscal year?
National defense authorization act
