Fluctuations in the business cycle, characterized by periods of expansion and contraction, significantly influence fiscal policy decisions. During economic downturns, governments may implement expansionary fiscal policies, such as increased public spending and tax cuts, to stimulate demand and promote recovery. Conversely, in times of economic growth, policymakers might adopt contractionary measures, like reducing spending or increasing taxes, to prevent overheating and inflation. Thus, fiscal policy aims to stabilize the economy by responding dynamically to the current phase of the business cycle.
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No one controls it. It is a combination of factors that figures into monetary and fiscal policy. There are world factors, the price of gold, world stock markets, wars, and other things determine policy.
Ernesto Talvi has written: 'Tax base variability and procyclical fiscal policy' -- subject(s): Government spending policy, Taxation, Fiscal policy, Business cycles, Surplus (Economics)
on A+: because of its effect on interest rates :))