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If businesses are small and the overall economy is large (in perfect competition), businesses only affect the overall economy in aggregate. Prices may change because overall demand rises and companies realize they can charge higher prices without losing customers, but no one company has any power over the economy.

As the size of companies increases and the number in a sector decreases, the power of an individual company begins to increase. First as a cartel, informally or formally, and then as a monopolist, companies can gain power to bar new entrants through aggressive pricing (e.g., Standard Oil), earn greater profits through supply restriction (OPEC), or secure more advantageous contracts on inputs (Wal-Mart.)

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