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Industrial capitalism has created the proletariat by transforming labor into a commodity within a capitalist economy, where workers sell their labor for wages. As industries grew, large numbers of people moved from rural areas to urban centers in search of work, leading to the emergence of a distinct class of wage laborers who lacked ownership of the means of production. This shift resulted in a dependency on wage labor for survival, creating a clear division between the owning class (bourgeoisie) and the working class (proletariat). Consequently, the proletariat became a key component of industrial capitalism, driving production while facing exploitation and alienation.

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