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In a way, all currently existing superconductors are "low-temperature", but some more so than others. The traditional superconductors work up to about 20 K (or minus 253 Centigrade); more recent "high-temperature superconductors" work up to 100 K or so. 100 K is still minus 173 Centigrade, but it is much "hotter" than the traditional superconductors. The new "high-temperature" superconductors apparently work different than the old-fashioned ones; at least, the theory that explains the traditional superconductors fails to explain how the new superconductors work.
Superconductivity is where there's absolutely zero electrical resistance or magnetic expulsion. Materials that are superconductors conduct electricity much like other materials, but more efficiently.
Because at present all superconductors must be super-cooled in a coolant such as liquid nitrogen to become superconductors.
Resistance decreases with the decrease of temperature. Superconductors are made by lowering the temperature.
Superconductors today are expensive and uncommon due to the high cost of producing and maintaining the materials at very low temperatures required for superconductivity, often using liquid helium or nitrogen. Additionally, the complex manufacturing processes involved in creating superconductors add to their cost and limit widespread availability.
I don't think so. Semiconductor processing requires very clean steps. and superconductors require the use of heavy metals, which can contaminate the process. Besides, superconductors require special equipment that does not exist in the semiconductor industry. The cost of introducing superconducting materials outweighs the benefits of using the materials. Perhaps one day, superconductors and semiconductors can co-exist in an integrated circuit. If the question is about whether superconductors are involved in fabricating transistors (meaning the fabrication equipment), I don't see a need -- we can make do with what we have.
Because refrigerating superconductors to the cryogenic temperatures needed by current ones is expensive, severely limiting the applications they are used in.Metallic superconductors need cooling to the temperature of liquid helium.Copper oxide ceramic superconductors need cooling to the temperature of liquid nitrogen.Room temperature superconductors, if they exist, would need little or no cooling.
In superconductors, no electricity is wasted because there is no resistance to the flow of electrons. In conductors any electricity not used, is wasted.
Franklin Curtis Mason has written: 'The tunnel effect in superconductors' -- subject(s): Superconductors
Anatoli Larkin has written: 'Theory of fluctuations in superconductors' -- subject(s): Fluctuations (Physics), Superconductors
Superconductors float due to the Meissner effect, which causes them to repel magnetic fields, allowing them to levitate above a magnet.
Superconductors are materials that let current or electricity pass through them. Insulators are materials that don't allow current or electricity to pass through them. Superconductors are mostly all metals. Insulators are wood, plastic, and paper.