4.
If the marginal propensity to consume (MPC) is 0.5, the spending multiplier can be calculated as ( \frac{1}{1 - MPC} = \frac{1}{1 - 0.5} = 2 ). To increase output by 1000 billion, the government would need to increase spending by ( \frac{1000 \text{ billion}}{2} = 500 \text{ billion} ). Therefore, government spending would need to rise by 500 billion to achieve the desired increase in output.
The equilibrium income would increase 1.06 billion dollars.
The change in GDP resulting from an increase in government spending can be estimated using the multiplier effect. If we assume a marginal propensity to consume (MPC) of, say, 0.8, the spending multiplier would be 1 / (1 - MPC), which equals 5. Therefore, an increase in government spending by $80 million could potentially increase GDP by $400 million ($80 million x 5) if the multiplier effect is fully realized.
If you consume all your income at every level of income, your consumption function is a straight line at a 45-degree angle from the origin, indicating that consumption equals income (C = Y). In this scenario, your Marginal Propensity to Consume (MPC) is 1, since any additional income is entirely consumed. Consequently, your Marginal Propensity to Save (MPS) is 0, as there is no saving occurring at any income level. The saving function would be a horizontal line at zero, reflecting that savings do not increase regardless of income.
If your marginal propensity to consume (MPC) is 0.9, it means you will spend 90% of any change in income. Therefore, if your income falls by 200, your change in spending would be calculated as 0.9 times -200, which equals -180. This indicates that your spending will decrease by 180.
In a Keynesian economic model, the multiplier (denoted by γ) is equal to 1/(1 - marginal propensity to consume) or 1/(1 - α), where α is the marginal propensity to consume. When α=0.67 in the consumption function (C = 1/(1 - α)), the multiplier would be 3 (1/(1-0.67) = 3).
The simple multiplier is a concept in economics that measures the effect of an initial change in spending on the overall income or output in an economy. It is calculated as 1 divided by the marginal propensity to save (MPS), or alternatively, 1 divided by 1 minus the marginal propensity to consume (MPC). For example, if the MPC is 0.8, the multiplier would be 1 / (1 - 0.8) = 5. This means that for every dollar of initial spending, total economic output would increase by five dollars.
If the marginal propensity to consume (MPC) is 0.5, the spending multiplier can be calculated as ( \frac{1}{1 - MPC} = \frac{1}{1 - 0.5} = 2 ). To increase output by 1000 billion, the government would need to increase spending by ( \frac{1000 \text{ billion}}{2} = 500 \text{ billion} ). Therefore, government spending would need to rise by 500 billion to achieve the desired increase in output.
The equilibrium income would increase 1.06 billion dollars.
The multiplier is calculated using the formula ( \text{Multiplier} = \frac{1}{\text{MPS}} ), where MPS stands for marginal propensity to save. If the MPS is 0.2, then the multiplier would be ( \frac{1}{0.2} = 5 ). This means that for every unit of spending, total output or income would increase by five units.
The change in GDP resulting from an increase in government spending can be estimated using the multiplier effect. If we assume a marginal propensity to consume (MPC) of, say, 0.8, the spending multiplier would be 1 / (1 - MPC), which equals 5. Therefore, an increase in government spending by $80 million could potentially increase GDP by $400 million ($80 million x 5) if the multiplier effect is fully realized.
If you consume all your income at every level of income, your consumption function is a straight line at a 45-degree angle from the origin, indicating that consumption equals income (C = Y). In this scenario, your Marginal Propensity to Consume (MPC) is 1, since any additional income is entirely consumed. Consequently, your Marginal Propensity to Save (MPS) is 0, as there is no saving occurring at any income level. The saving function would be a horizontal line at zero, reflecting that savings do not increase regardless of income.
If your marginal propensity to consume (MPC) is 0.9, it means you will spend 90% of any change in income. Therefore, if your income falls by 200, your change in spending would be calculated as 0.9 times -200, which equals -180. This indicates that your spending will decrease by 180.
If the marginal (per unit) consumption goes down, then the average consumption will also go down because the average is a function of each unit's individual value. In other words, if the marginal perpensity to consume for the past 3 months was .2 each month, and for the next month it went down to .1, then your average would be: Month 1 Avg = .2 Month 2 Avg = .2 (.2+.2/2) Month 3 Avg = .2 (.2+.2+.2/3) Month 4 Avg = .175 (.2+.2+.2+.1/4)
In this economy, autonomous consumer spending is $250 billion and planned investment spending is $350 billion, giving a total planned expenditure of $600 billion. The marginal propensity to consume (MPC) of 0.23 indicates that for every additional dollar of income, consumption increases by 23 cents. To plot the aggregate expenditure (AE) curve, you would start with the intercept at $600 billion and slope upward with a gradient of 0.23, representing the relationship between income and consumption. The AE curve will intersect the 45-degree line where total output equals total expenditure, indicating equilibrium in the economy.
Quite simply, no. The Spending multiplier, even on government spending, will always have a value of greater than one. It really is self-evident; for that money to be subjected to a multiplier, it must be circulating multiple times, therefore the first circulation (the initial spending) would result in a multiplier of one, and subsequent spends would increase the multiplier further
The multiplier you would use is 1000.1.9 km x 1000 = 1900 m