4.
If the marginal propensity to consume (MPC) is 0.5, the spending multiplier can be calculated as ( \frac{1}{1 - MPC} = \frac{1}{1 - 0.5} = 2 ). To increase output by 1000 billion, the government would need to increase spending by ( \frac{1000 \text{ billion}}{2} = 500 \text{ billion} ). Therefore, government spending would need to rise by 500 billion to achieve the desired increase in output.
The equilibrium income would increase 1.06 billion dollars.
If you consume all your income at every level of income, your consumption function is a straight line at a 45-degree angle from the origin, indicating that consumption equals income (C = Y). In this scenario, your Marginal Propensity to Consume (MPC) is 1, since any additional income is entirely consumed. Consequently, your Marginal Propensity to Save (MPS) is 0, as there is no saving occurring at any income level. The saving function would be a horizontal line at zero, reflecting that savings do not increase regardless of income.
If your marginal propensity to consume (MPC) is 0.9, it means you will spend 90% of any change in income. Therefore, if your income falls by 200, your change in spending would be calculated as 0.9 times -200, which equals -180. This indicates that your spending will decrease by 180.
If the marginal (per unit) consumption goes down, then the average consumption will also go down because the average is a function of each unit's individual value. In other words, if the marginal perpensity to consume for the past 3 months was .2 each month, and for the next month it went down to .1, then your average would be: Month 1 Avg = .2 Month 2 Avg = .2 (.2+.2/2) Month 3 Avg = .2 (.2+.2+.2/3) Month 4 Avg = .175 (.2+.2+.2+.1/4)
In a Keynesian economic model, the multiplier (denoted by γ) is equal to 1/(1 - marginal propensity to consume) or 1/(1 - α), where α is the marginal propensity to consume. When α=0.67 in the consumption function (C = 1/(1 - α)), the multiplier would be 3 (1/(1-0.67) = 3).
The simple multiplier is a concept in economics that measures the effect of an initial change in spending on the overall income or output in an economy. It is calculated as 1 divided by the marginal propensity to save (MPS), or alternatively, 1 divided by 1 minus the marginal propensity to consume (MPC). For example, if the MPC is 0.8, the multiplier would be 1 / (1 - 0.8) = 5. This means that for every dollar of initial spending, total economic output would increase by five dollars.
The equilibrium income would increase 1.06 billion dollars.
The multiplier is calculated using the formula ( \text{Multiplier} = \frac{1}{\text{MPS}} ), where MPS stands for marginal propensity to save. If the MPS is 0.2, then the multiplier would be ( \frac{1}{0.2} = 5 ). This means that for every unit of spending, total output or income would increase by five units.
If you consume all your income at every level of income, your consumption function is a straight line at a 45-degree angle from the origin, indicating that consumption equals income (C = Y). In this scenario, your Marginal Propensity to Consume (MPC) is 1, since any additional income is entirely consumed. Consequently, your Marginal Propensity to Save (MPS) is 0, as there is no saving occurring at any income level. The saving function would be a horizontal line at zero, reflecting that savings do not increase regardless of income.
If the marginal (per unit) consumption goes down, then the average consumption will also go down because the average is a function of each unit's individual value. In other words, if the marginal perpensity to consume for the past 3 months was .2 each month, and for the next month it went down to .1, then your average would be: Month 1 Avg = .2 Month 2 Avg = .2 (.2+.2/2) Month 3 Avg = .2 (.2+.2+.2/3) Month 4 Avg = .175 (.2+.2+.2+.1/4)
The multiplier you would use is 1000.1.9 km x 1000 = 1900 m
Quite simply, no. The Spending multiplier, even on government spending, will always have a value of greater than one. It really is self-evident; for that money to be subjected to a multiplier, it must be circulating multiple times, therefore the first circulation (the initial spending) would result in a multiplier of one, and subsequent spends would increase the multiplier further
From such an action (increase in government spending by 5 billion and a Marginal Propensity to Consume of 90%), the GDP would increase (in the scope of simplicity) by 4.5 billion. This is because government expenditures is counted in GDP, and in this case 90% of it is consumed by the populace, so 5B * .9 = 45B. But, being that the GDP is Consumption + Gross Investment + Govt. Spending +(-) Imports/exports, one could suggest that the GDP would increase by just 5B because that which is not consumed is saved (and thus invested).
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The slope of the consumption schedule, or line, in an economy represents the marginal propensity to consume (MPC), which measures the change in consumption resulting from a change in income. A steeper slope indicates a higher MPC, meaning consumers are likely to spend a larger portion of any additional income, while a flatter slope suggests a lower MPC, with consumers saving more of their additional income. This slope is crucial for understanding how changes in income levels affect overall consumption and economic activity.
No such multiplier is possible.78 decreased by 78 is 0, so the decimal multiplier would to be 0. 156 decreased by 78 is 78 so the multiplier is 0.5. 1000000 decreased by 78 is 999922 so the multiplier is 0.999922 and so on. A different multiplier in each case.