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The Recession of 2008 was caused by an aggregate demand (AD) shock.

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What changes in AD and AS affect the output in an economy?

Changes in aggregate demand (AD) and aggregate supply (AS) can significantly influence an economy's output. An increase in AD, driven by factors such as higher consumer spending or increased government investment, typically raises output and can lead to inflation. Conversely, a decrease in AD can reduce output and potentially lead to a recession. On the supply side, an increase in AS, often due to advancements in technology or a reduction in production costs, can boost output and lower prices, while a decrease in AS, perhaps from supply chain disruptions or increased production costs, can constrict output and elevate prices.


How would one construct the aggregate demand and aggregate supply model of the macro economy and how it could be used to illustrate macroeconomic problems and potential monetary and fiscal policy?

To construct the aggregate demand and aggregate supply (AD-AS) model, one plots aggregate demand (AD) and aggregate supply (AS) curves on a graph with the price level on the vertical axis and real GDP on the horizontal axis. The intersection of these curves indicates the equilibrium price level and output. This model can illustrate macroeconomic problems, such as inflation or recession, by showing shifts in AD or AS. Policymakers can use the model to evaluate the potential effects of monetary policy (like interest rate changes) and fiscal policy (like government spending) on the economy's overall output and price level.


What are ad valorem taxes?

Ad valorem taxes are taxes based on the value of real estate or personal property. Ad valorem taxes are typically imposed at the time of a transaction, such as a sales tax.


What is ad valorem duties explain?

Ad valorem duty - ad valorem tax is an indirect tax i.e. tax on consumption and it's expressed as a percentage. For example, an ad valorem tax of 10% on computers will mean that if the computer is priced at $1000, the price will be $1100 if the computer is priced at $2000, the price will be $2200


You want to change the price of your existing ad on kijiji?

To change the price of your existing ad on Kijiji, log into your account and navigate to "My Ads." Select the ad you want to edit, then click on the "Edit" button. Update the price in the relevant field and save your changes. Your ad will be updated with the new price once you confirm the changes.

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