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Laws of returns to scale

Updated: 4/28/2022
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The Laws of Return to Scale explains the behaviour of rate of increase in the output/production to the subsequent increase in the inputs i.e. the factors of production in the long run.In the long run all factors of production are variable and subject to change due a given increase in size/scale .

The laws of Returns to scale is a set of three inter-related and chronological laws (stages)

  1. Law of Increasing Returns to Scale
  2. Law of Constant Returns to Scale
  3. Law of Diminishing returns to Scale

A] LAW OF INCREASING RETURNS TO SCALE

It is mostly the first of the laws to occur as in this stage the newly added indivisible factors of production have not yet reached their installed capacity i.e. maximum output.This also occurs due to adoption of specialized machinery and increasing efficiency in production and the per unit production cost decrease. There can be several other reasons too.

B] LAW OF CONSTANT RETURNS TO SCALE

This stage occurs when the maximum capacity of the inputs is used to create the maximum output .The rational producer naturally prefers this stage as the returns from all the inputs largely remain the same . This stage occurs in every production business as there is a certain limit to the increase in the production

C] LAW OF DIMINISHING RETURNS

this stage when the producer further increases his capacity of production and lets the diseconomies of large production enter in the trading of the business. The production starts giving a negative rate of return .i.e. the production decreases\diminishes. This forces the producers to downsize and eventually stop their production.

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differentiate between returns to scale and constant return to scale


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My loose definition of constant returns to scale:Constant returns to scale occur when a given increase in output is brought about by the same proportional increase in returns.


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