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1- misrepresentation, where the product being bought is of a fake description.

2- Unfair Trade Practices by the oil companies that produce gasoline.

Only a few days following any number of occurances that could cause a decline in the production of gasoline, the oil companies that produce gasoline raise prices, usually significantly, and they continue to raise the price of gas every two to three days for weeks, even after the [often phoney] crisis is over.

In my opinion, this is an unfair trade practice that should be illegal. The reason is because the gasoline that is already in the "pipeline," from storage tanks at the refineries to gasoline already in tankers to the gasoline already in the tanks at the gasoline stations has already been paid for at the lower price. To raise the price of that gasoline is immoral.

3- Price Gouging. This is illegal, however it is a very common practice during a crisis such as shortly before until weeks after a hurricane. Price gauging is when a seller of goods greatly raises the prices of items in high demand because of the crisis. For example, following a flood, goods such as wood, paint, carpet, bedding, potable water, and several others are in high demand. Some retailers, and usually fewer wholesellers, take advantage of the high demand and gouge buyers in need of goods ruined by the flood water.

4- Monopolies.

5- Price Fixing.

6- Bid Rigging. This practice damages competition and ends up hurting the consumer or the taxpayer. It usually involves bribing government officials who wield complete or a large amount of influence over high-dollar projects such as highway construction or public housing.

7- Predatory Dumping. This usually involves a foreign company, but whoever does it is the manufacturer of a popular good like TV's, cell phones, or computers. Predatory dumping occurs when a manufacturer "dumps" its product in a market at a loss in order to force its competitors to lower their prices, thereby hurting the competitor's profits and possibly forcing it out of business.

8- Unfair Mergers

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How does consumer movement affect business?

(1) Protection from Unsafe Products: An important object of consumer movement is, the united fight of consumers against harmful and unsafe products produced by manufacturers and sold by traders. The examples of such products are medicines causing side effects, sold without any written warning, sale of stale products, etc. (2) Protection against Unfair Trade Practices: Businessmen do various unfair trade practices like overcharging the customers, using inaccurate weight and measures, selling inferior quality goods, resorting to black marketing, etc. Consumer movement protects the consumers from such malpractices. (3) Protection Against Pollution: Due to consumer movement, business organizations are under pressure to take the necessary measures to control air, water and noise pollution. (4) Bringing Consumers Together: It was very easy for business organizations to exploit unorganized customers. However, due to consumer movement, customers are collectively fighting for their rights. Thus, consumer movement has succeeded in uniting and getting a fair deal for consumers from the business world. (5) Control on Monopolistic & Restrictive Trade Practices: Many Laws and Acts have been introduced to protect the interest of consumers against monopolistic and restrictive trade practices of businessmen. (6) Creating Consumer Awareness: Consumer movement creates awareness among consumers and educate them through lectures, seminar, workshops, media, public meetings, etc. regarding consumer rights. (7) Timely Supply of Essential Commodities: Consumer movement has made it possible for consumers to form Consumer Co-operative Societies for production and distribution of essential commodities on co-operative basis so as to ensure their regular supply at reasonable prices. (8) Right to get After Sale Service: After sale service is provided by manufacturers and sellers to the customer even after effecting sales. Seller must provide after sale services in case of consumer durable products. The seller is supposed to undertake free repairs and maintenance of products sold during the warranty period. The awareness about this right of consumers has been brought through consumer movement. (9) Pressure on Government: Since consumers are now united, they are able to exert pressure on the government to enact various laws and introduce measures for consumer protection. (10) Link between Consumers and Business Community: Various consumers, by passing on consumer grievances, their suggestions, etc to business organizations are getting justice for consumers. (11) Legal Help: Various consumer protection associations helps the consumer to get their complaints against malpractices of traders, redressed through Consumer Disputes Redressal Agencies or Civil Courts.


How does consumers affect business?

(1) Protection from Unsafe Products: An important object of consumer movement is, the united fight of consumers against harmful and unsafe products produced by manufacturers and sold by traders. The examples of such products are medicines causing side effects, sold without any written warning, sale of stale products, etc. (2) Protection against Unfair Trade Practices: Businessmen do various unfair trade practices like overcharging the customers, using inaccurate weight and measures, selling inferior quality goods, resorting to black marketing, etc. Consumer movement protects the consumers from such malpractices. (3) Protection Against Pollution: Due to consumer movement, business organizations are under pressure to take the necessary measures to control air, water and noise pollution. (4) Bringing Consumers Together: It was very easy for business organizations to exploit unorganized customers. However, due to consumer movement, customers are collectively fighting for their rights. Thus, consumer movement has succeeded in uniting and getting a fair deal for consumers from the business world. (5) Control on Monopolistic & Restrictive Trade Practices: Many Laws and Acts have been introduced to protect the interest of consumers against monopolistic and restrictive trade practices of businessmen. (6) Creating Consumer Awareness: Consumer movement creates awareness among consumers and educate them through lectures, seminar, workshops, media, public meetings, etc. regarding consumer rights. (7) Timely Supply of Essential Commodities: Consumer movement has made it possible for consumers to form Consumer Co-operative Societies for production and distribution of essential commodities on co-operative basis so as to ensure their regular supply at reasonable prices. (8) Right to get After Sale Service: After sale service is provided by manufacturers and sellers to the customer even after effecting sales. Seller must provide after sale services in case of consumer durable products. The seller is supposed to undertake free repairs and maintenance of products sold during the warranty period. The awareness about this right of consumers has been brought through consumer movement. (9) Pressure on Government: Since consumers are now united, they are able to exert pressure on the government to enact various laws and introduce measures for consumer protection. (10) Link between Consumers and Business Community: Various consumers, by passing on consumer grievances, their suggestions, etc to business organizations are getting justice for consumers. (11) Legal Help: Various consumer protection associations helps the consumer to get their complaints against malpractices of traders, redressed through Consumer Disputes Redressal Agencies or Civil Courts.


List 10 examples of scarce resources?

Scarce resources are resources that are becoming more difficult to find. In some cases resources are scarce in one area but not as scarce in another. Here is a list of 10 examples of scarce resources, clean water, land, food, oil, natural gas, phosphorus, coal, scandium, terbium, and minerals.


How can you know that the benefits to the economy from free trade are greater than the benefits accruing to the domestic industry that is protected from foreign competition?

You don't. China's GDP has been growing 10% every year for the last fifty years, while America's economy is crumbling. Free trade is like letting a bunch of kids drive a car.

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