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Mercantilism emerged in the late medieval period as nations sought to enhance their economic power and national wealth. Key factors included the rise of nation-states, competition for resources, and the desire for self-sufficiency. Additionally, increased exploration and colonial expansion provided new markets and raw materials, reinforcing the belief that a nation’s strength depended on its accumulation of gold and silver through a favorable balance of trade. This economic theory emphasized state intervention in the economy to achieve these goals.

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