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What should be produced?

Free markets answer this question via the market mechanism (Adam Smith's "Invisible Hand"). Firms produce what consumers are willing and able to pay for.

How should it be produced?

One method is specialization -- production according to comparative advantage (the lower opportunity cost, not the lower resource cost).

For whom is it produced?

That is, how is it distributed? In free markets, only those who are willing and able to pay will receive what is produced. In centrally-planned economies, goods and services that are produced might be distributed differently, such as according to need.

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14y ago

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