What are the two instruments used by macroeconomics?

Answer 1

The question is not very specific. The instruments are usually regarded as ways that the Government controls the rate of progress of the social system. It does this by instructing the treasury and national bank to: 1. To reduce or increase or reduce the National Debt. It does this by printing or withdrawing money from the banks including the national bank. 2. Adjust the "prime rate" of interest on new issues of Government Bonds. This is not able to be very effective, because it normally has to be not very different from the rate at which the average investment in shares grows. In times of slump when the rate of progress is low, the greater confidence in these bonds allows the rate to be set low. In time of boom and prosperity, the bonds will not find purchasers unless the rate is high and similar to the average rate of growth of the shares in the stock-market. By making this rate greater or smaller than the general trens, re-issues of the bonds will be sought after or neglected, resulting in item 1. having an less direct effect without money necessarly having to be printed or destroyed.