There are two major risks associated with investing in bonds
1. Interest rate risk - If the prevailing interest rates in the markets are lower than the rates when the bonds were issued, then the returns on our bonds may be below our expectations and calculations
2. Counterparty risk - This is the risk wherein, the bond issuer defaults on his payments or declares bankruptcy.
President Reagan
frustration-aggression theory
John Muth contributed to business cycle theory through his formulation of the Rational Expectations Hypothesis in the early 1960s. He argued that individuals form their expectations about the future based on all available information and that these expectations influence economic decisions, thereby affecting business cycles. Muth's work shifted the focus from traditional Keynesian models, which often assumed adaptive expectations, to models that incorporate rational expectations, fundamentally altering how economists understand economic fluctuations. This approach emphasized the importance of information and expectations in shaping economic outcomes.
Thomas Robert Malthus
According to theory, the efficiency market theory requires that the agents involved have rational expectations, and that the population is correct on average; whenever relevant, new information appears, the agents will update their information appropriately.
Robert K. Merton is the theorist associated with strain theory. He developed the concept in the 1930s to explain how societal structures and expectations can lead individuals to engage in deviant behavior.
clinker theory is associated with growth
The "theory" is actually a multitude of theories relating to how our social expectations and responsibilites drive our behaviour. Each theory varies in its details.
Thomas Lindh has written: 'Essays on expectations in economic theory' -- subject(s): Rational expectations (Economic theory)
individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Impaired theory of mind refers to difficulties in understanding others' thoughts, beliefs, and emotions. This can affect social interactions, communication, and relationships for individuals with ASD.
frequency theory
Schleiden, Schwann, and Virchow are all three associated with the cell theory.
list for success failur associated with attribution theory
Enrico Minelli has written: 'Rational expectations in games' -- subject(s): Mathematical models, Equilibrium (Economics), Game theory, Rational expectations (Economic theory)
the evolution theory
The evolution theory
Social expectation theory proposes that people's behavior is influenced by the expectations and beliefs of society. It suggests that individuals are more likely to conform to societal norms and expectations in order to gain approval and acceptance from others. This theory highlights the impact of social pressure on shaping behavior and decision-making.