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Late 19th century Marxists became revisionists primarily due to the changing socio-political landscape and the perceived inadequacies of orthodox Marxist theory in addressing contemporary issues. Key figures like Eduard Bernstein argued that Marx's predictions about capitalism's inevitable collapse and the proletariat revolution were not materializing, leading to a belief in reform rather than revolutionary change. The rise of labor movements and the success of social democratic parties also encouraged a shift towards more moderate, reformist approaches, emphasizing gradual improvements in workers' rights and welfare instead of outright revolution.

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