Fiscal Policy :)
Opportunity cost.
Fiscal policy can have a multiplied effect on national income due to the concept of the fiscal multiplier, which arises when government spending or tax changes influence overall economic activity. When the government increases spending, it directly raises demand for goods and services, leading to higher production and income for businesses and employees. This initial spending creates a ripple effect, as recipients of this income tend to spend a portion of it, further stimulating demand and income in the economy. Consequently, the initial fiscal action generates a larger overall impact on national income than the amount initially spent or taxed.
Economic equity is the concept of fairness in economics, especially concerning taxation or welfare.
Local, State, and National Governments typically will attempt to shape policy around the idea of a multiplier effect if they understand the concept. The idea is of course that policies will attract more spending in their respective forum and so enjoy the benefits of the monetary multiplier. This means for example that one dollar ($1) spent in a local economy such as Atlanta may generate as much as $4-$10 in economic growth to the local community. This same concept can be true for spending on the state and national levels.
Generally the government is very good at wasting money and resources so less spending, generally speaking, by the government helps the economy as those resources are allocated in more efficient areas of the economy. More on this topic: This is a topic taught in all basic and advanced economic classes. It comes from John Maynard Keynes, the British economist. He created Macro economic theory we have today. Basically pump priming by the government can help stimulate the economy. Pump priming is governmental deficit spending. That concept has been the basics of all stimulus spending ideas. It can come from tax refunds or direct expenditures by the government, but in either case it is borrowing that does it. Milton Freedman, the champion of the Monetarists School of Economics, basically proved that it was monetary theory, changes in the money supply, that was the only way to affect the economy. Pump priming was false. They used Keynesian theory to prove this. So it really has to do with which school of economic theory you believe in to answer this. If it is Keynesian, then yes it will cause an affect, if Monetarist, then no it won't. You choose Most economic models (emphasis on models, not necessarily the real world) suggest that less government spending will lower GDP (because Gov't spending is a component of GDP) and be deflationary (cause deflation) in the short run. In the real world there are many many arguments made to every possible effect that changes in government spending have on the economy. There are many factors such as what kind of government spending is cut (defense? health care? entitlements? federal jobs?), if it is planned (versus sudden), and how large the cuts are.
the colonists revolted. "no taxation without representation"
fiscal cliff is the situation which U.S. government faced at the end of 2012 when the expiry of tax cut and across the board government spending cuts has reached. this
It showed that interest groups or non-state actors could influence government on a large scale
The concept of taxation is to enable the government to collect taxes which it can then use to provide its citizens with various services. Some of these services include building roads, hospitals, schools and paying salaries of the civil servants.
Opportunity cost.
Opportunity cost.
Tax has a limited meaning. It is the amount of tax levied/collected etc. by the Government. Taxation is the process of tax collection. It covers all of the following: passing of the law by the parliament, making of rules by the Government, entire set of people appointed as tax commissioners, assessment; the appellate authorities & so on. Rashmin Sanghvi
The Morrison Slope is a concept in the field of economics that refers to the relationship between the level of government spending and its effects on economic output and growth. It is named after economist John Morrison, who contributed to the understanding of fiscal policy and its impact on economic cycles. The term highlights the idea that increased government spending can lead to greater economic activity, particularly during periods of recession or low growth. This concept is often utilized in discussions about Keynesian economics and the role of government intervention in the economy.
Fiscal policy can have a multiplied effect on national income due to the concept of the fiscal multiplier, which arises when government spending or tax changes influence overall economic activity. When the government increases spending, it directly raises demand for goods and services, leading to higher production and income for businesses and employees. This initial spending creates a ripple effect, as recipients of this income tend to spend a portion of it, further stimulating demand and income in the economy. Consequently, the initial fiscal action generates a larger overall impact on national income than the amount initially spent or taxed.
The multiplier is an economic concept that measures the effect of an initial change in spending on the overall economy. It is calculated by dividing the change in total output (GDP) by the initial change in spending. The formula can be expressed as: Multiplier = Change in GDP / Change in Spending. Factors such as the marginal propensity to consume and save influence the size of the multiplier, with higher consumption rates leading to a larger multiplier effect.
Rule by the people underlies the concept of democracy. In law, this can raise questions about governance, such as the extent of government authority for representational governments and the role of judges.
How did Montesquieu's "The Spirit of the Laws" influence political thought and the development of modern political systems? What were Montesquieu's main criticisms of absolute monarchy and his proposed alternative form of government? How did Montesquieu's concept of the separation of powers influence the design of government institutions in democracies around the world?