What did John the Rockefeller do to establish Standard oil as A monopoly?

Answer 1

John D. Rockefeller established Standard Oil as a monopoly through a combination of aggressive business practices, including horizontal integration and secretive agreements with railroads to secure favorable shipping rates. He acquired or merged with competing oil companies, effectively consolidating control over the market. Additionally, Rockefeller employed tactics such as undercutting prices to drive competitors out of business and created a trust structure that allowed for centralized control over various subsidiaries. These strategies enabled Standard Oil to dominate the oil industry in the United States by the late 19th century.