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Mercantilism is an economic theory that holds that the prosperity of a nation is dependent upon its supply of capital, and that the global volume of international trade is "unchangeable". Economic assets or capital, are represented by bullion (gold, silver, and trade value) held by the state, which is best increased through a positive balance of trade with other nations (exports minus imports). Mercantilism suggests that the ruling government should advance these goals by playing a protectionist role in the economy; by encouraging exports and discouraging imports, notably through the use of tariffs and subsidies

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What did mercantilists believe was necessary for a country to become wealthy and powerful?

Mercantilists believed that to become wealthy and powerful, a country needed to accumulate precious metals, particularly gold and silver, through a favorable balance of trade. They argued that nations should export more than they import, thereby generating trade surpluses. Additionally, mercantilists promoted government intervention in the economy, including tariffs and subsidies, to protect domestic industries and enhance national strength. Overall, they viewed wealth as a zero-sum game, where one nation's gain was another's loss.


What did a country have to do in order to become wealthy and powerful according to mercantilists?

According to mercantilists, a country had to accumulate wealth primarily through a favorable balance of trade, meaning it should export more goods than it imports. This involved establishing and maintaining strong manufacturing sectors, securing colonies for resources and markets, and implementing protectionist policies to shield domestic industries from foreign competition. Additionally, mercantilists believed that increasing national reserves of gold and silver was essential to bolster a nation’s power and influence.


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