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Assuming trade is relatively free and purchase of the imported goods and services is rational, then then there are two principal outcomes:

1) Societal welfare is increased. This occurs because consumers are achieving equivalent levels of utility at lower price levels. While some social welfare is lost by the transfer of production from the domestic locale to foreign, specialisation also occurs in other industries for the domestic market.

2) Assuming a simplified Hecksler-Ohlin model, industries which are based on the primary input of the imported good are competed against. For example, import of Chinese manufactures causes welfare lose to local manufacturers because their profits and source revenues are slashed. Additionally, redistribution of inputs to more profitable industries (who sell to the other country) raises their cost of production. Overall, however, their welfare loss is strictly less than society's. Therefore, a Pareto improvement occurs.

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Q: What impact does consumer purchase of imported goods and services have on the US economy?
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