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short run is a period which is not enough to change or alter the quantities of all of the factors of production. therefore, some factors of production are fixed in this period because you do not have enough time to change the quantities of them. so, in this period i.e., short run, some factors are fixed and others are variables. however, in long run, you have all the factors of production as variables as you have enough time to change them or replace them.

for ex:- if you have two factors of production, labor and machinery. it might be difficult for you to replace machinery in short run. however, difficulty might not arise in the case of labor. so in short run you would say that labor is variable and machinery is fixed. but in long run, both of your factors are variable because you have enough time to alter their quantities.

usually, in economics, we call a period of 1 year or less as short run. and a period of more than 1 year as long run. but this might not be suitable i every case. this time may vary from situation to situation.

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Q: What is the different between short run long run?
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