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What is an euphemism for cheap?

'Frugal' is a good one.


Is it true that political bosses sometimes requested a kickback exchange for supporting a business's proposal to provide some service for the city?

true.


What does Economy of truth mean?

Meaning Conveying an untrue version of events by leaving out the important facts. A euphemism for lying, in short.


What was it called when a city official would pay a contract or more than a job was worth in exchange for a portion of the overpayment?

This practice is commonly referred to as "kickbacks" or "bid rigging." In this scenario, a city official would intentionally overpay for a contract, with the understanding that a portion of that excess payment would be returned to them as a bribe or kickback. Such corruption undermines public trust and often leads to legal consequences for those involved.


How did Tweed make his money?

William M. Tweed, known as "Boss Tweed," made his money primarily through political corruption and fraud during the 19th century in New York City. He exploited his position as a political leader by engaging in kickback schemes, embezzling public funds, and manipulating contracts for city projects, such as the construction of the Tammany Hall headquarters. By controlling various city contracts and using his influence to secure inflated prices, Tweed amassed a significant fortune, which he used to maintain political power and influence. His corrupt practices ultimately led to his downfall and imprisonment.