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The scientist, or "operator" of the experiment, gets to determine the type of stimulus used (as long as it is within ethical bounds).
who will get a stimulus check in 2011
for a stimulus plan to me it means a financial bailout or a type of insurance to keep your economy afloat. It depends on what the stimulus plan is used for to determine the pros and conns like for instance. If the government plans a stimulus plan for wall street will it be for the right reasons and how will you benifit form it if you are under a ressecion..
stimulus diffusion
Voltage-gated ion channels, such as voltage-gated sodium channels and voltage-gated potassium channels, are commonly found in the membrane of axons. These channels play a crucial role in the generation and propagation of action potentials along the length of the axon.
Mechanosensitive ion channels are a type of membrane channel that opens in response to mechanical forces or distortions in the cell membrane. These channels play a role in various cellular processes such as touch sensation, hearing, and regulating cell volume.
Voltage-gated Sodium ions and Potassium ions channels
Voltage-gated calcium channels are the ion channels that open during an action potential in the axon terminal of a motor neuron. These channels allow calcium ions to flow into the terminal, triggering the release of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft.
Na+ channels influx (phase 0) then L-type Ca 2+ (slow calcium channels) to maintain the plateau (phase 2) then the first half of phase 3 - where voltage-gated and the delayed (iK1) k+ channels are starting to open and the Ca++ are starting to close. Phases 0-3.5 this is the absolute refractory period - PERIOD
Exocytosis
The membrane potential that occurs due to the influx of Na+ through chemically gated channels in the receptive region of a neuron is called the excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP). This influx of Na+ leads to depolarization of the neuron, bringing it closer to the threshold for generating an action potential. EPSPs can summate to trigger an action potential if they reach the threshold potential.
Calcium (Ca2+) channels open on the synaptic end bulb in response to depolarization (from the action potential), inducing exocytosis of synaptosomes containing neurotransmitter, resulting in neurotransmitter being released into the synaptic cleft...further propagating the signal to the next neuron or set of neurons.
Sodium and potassium diffuse across the plasma membrane of cells through ion channels called voltage-gated channels. These channels open and close in response to changes in membrane potential, allowing sodium and potassium ions to flow down their electrochemical gradients.
External Stimulus
The characteristics are modality (type of stimulus), intensity (strength of stimulus), duration (length of stimulus), and location (where the stimulus occurred).
Voltage-gated sodium channels are primarily responsible for initiating and propagating action potentials in neurons. These channels open in response to depolarization of the cell membrane, allowing sodium ions to enter the cell and initiate the rapid depolarization phase of the action potential.