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A price ceiling is binding when it is below the equilibrium price. It is the legal maximum price, so the market wants to reach equilibrium (which is above that) but can't legally. If it were above the equilibrium price it would not be binding because the market would reach equilibrium and the ceiling would have no effect. A price floor is binding when it is above the equilibrium price. You can use similar reasoning to that above. It is the legal minimum price. the market wants to reach equilibrium below that but can't legally.
When supply and demand are balanced
Consumer surplus is located above the market price and below the demand curve on a graph depicting market equilibrium.
Price equilibrium, or market equilibrium, occurs when the quantity of a good or service demanded by consumers equals the quantity supplied by producers at a specific price level. At this point, there is no tendency for the price to change, as the market clears, meaning all goods produced are sold. If the price is above equilibrium, excess supply leads to downward pressure on prices, while prices below equilibrium create excess demand, pushing prices up. Thus, market equilibrium represents a stable state in economic transactions.
The price ceiling is located below the equilibrium price on a graph depicting market equilibrium.
A price ceiling is binding when it is below the equilibrium price. It is the legal maximum price, so the market wants to reach equilibrium (which is above that) but can't legally. If it were above the equilibrium price it would not be binding because the market would reach equilibrium and the ceiling would have no effect. A price floor is binding when it is above the equilibrium price. You can use similar reasoning to that above. It is the legal minimum price. the market wants to reach equilibrium below that but can't legally.
When supply and demand are balanced
Consumer surplus is located above the market price and below the demand curve on a graph depicting market equilibrium.
Price equilibrium, or market equilibrium, occurs when the quantity of a good or service demanded by consumers equals the quantity supplied by producers at a specific price level. At this point, there is no tendency for the price to change, as the market clears, meaning all goods produced are sold. If the price is above equilibrium, excess supply leads to downward pressure on prices, while prices below equilibrium create excess demand, pushing prices up. Thus, market equilibrium represents a stable state in economic transactions.
The price ceiling is located below the equilibrium price on a graph depicting market equilibrium.
In a pure monopoly, the seller typically charges more than the equilibrium price that would exist in a competitive market. This is because the monopolist has market power and can set prices above marginal cost to maximize profits, leading to higher prices for consumers. Unlike in competitive markets, where prices are driven by supply and demand interactions, a monopolist restricts output to create scarcity and maintain higher prices. Thus, the price is generally above the equilibrium level found in a perfectly competitive market.
When the market price is lower than the equilibrium price the price of the product will continue to rise. The price will rise until it equal the equilibrium price.
When the market price is lower than the equilibrium price the price of the product will continue to rise. The price will rise until it equal the equilibrium price.
To calculate producer surplus at equilibrium, subtract the minimum price that producers are willing to accept from the market price. This will give you the area above the supply curve and below the market price, representing the producer surplus.
above equilibrium
If the price floor is above market equilibrium then companies are forced to sell at that price. This means the market's quantity supplied and quantity demanded will not equal each other, resulting in a surplus. If the price floor is lower than market equilibrium then the government imposed regulation is non-binding, resulting in no change to the market.
In a competitive market, it will produce an excess of supply (for the floor price, supply is bigger than demand)