Who loses from a tariff or quota?

Answer 1

A tariff or a quota increase the cost to the consumer.

A tariff adds an additional cost to a product. As a result the consumer loses. Sometimes the supplier loses. A supplier in a distant land has the retail cost of his product go up under a tariff. If people can not afford the cost he will sell less. As a result he might lose. His workers might lose jobs if the product does not sell. His government might lose.

Under a quota system, there may or may not be a loss. In the late 1970s, the government put a quota on Japanese cars. That created a shortage. Dealers added several thousand dollars to the cost of each car. The customer lost. The manufacturer lost.