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Who pioneered a program that sought to streamline production and boost profits by systematically controlling costs and work practices?
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∙ 12y ago
Fredrick Taylor
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∙ 12y ago
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The New York industrialist who made hundreds of millions of dollars in the 19th century with this Standard Oil Company and pioneered the corporate strategy of vertical integration?
John Rockefeller
How does mercantlism compare with a free enterprise system?
Mercantilism is based on economical regulation, while the free enterprise system is based on economic freedom
What is the importance of animal breeding in economic terms?
The science of ANIMAL breeding is defined as the application of the principles of GENETICS and biometry to improve the efficiency of production in farm animals. These principles were applied to change animal populations thousands of years before the sciences of genetics and biometry were formally established. The practice of animal breeding dates back to the Neolithic period (approximately 7000 BC), when people attempted to domesticate wild species such as caribou, goats, hogs and DOGS. Domestication was performed through controlled mating and reproduction of captive animals which were selected and mated based on their behaviour and temperament. Judging from cave paintings that have survived, selection was also applied to some qualitative traits such as coat colour and the absence or presence of horns. Without written records, there is no certain knowledge of the evolution of animal breeding practices, but written documents dating back more than 4000 years indicate that humans appreciated the significance of family resemblance in mating systems, recognized the dangers of intense inbreeding, and used castration to prevent the reproduction of undesirable males. Progress in the performance of domesticated animals through these selection practices was very slow; improvements were mainly due to animals adapting better to their environments. Robert Bakewell, an English animal breeder of the 18th century, is considered the founder of systematized animal breeding. He was the first to emphasize the importance of accurate breeding records, introduced the concept of progeny testing to evaluate the genetic potentials of young sires, and applied inbreeding to stabilize desired qualitative traits. He also promoted concepts such as "like begets like,""prepotency is associated with inbreeding" and "breed the best to the best." Bakewell and his contemporaries in Europe pioneered the development of diverse breeds of BEEF cattle, DAIRY cattle, SHEEP, hogs and HORSES. Most livestock breeds with pedigree herd books and breed associations were established between the late 18th century and the second half of the 19th century. Colour, conformation, geographical origin and some production characteristics were the main factors that differentiated these breeds. Wide geographical redistribution of animal populations was also an important factor in the formation of new breeds, as invading armies, migrating people and traders transported livestock to new lands. Animal breeding as a modern SCIENCE belongs to the 20th century. Although numerous geneticists and biometricians have made significant contributions to the development of this science, J.L. Lush of Iowa State University is considered the father of the modern science of animal breeding. Lush and his students developed major scientific procedures applicable to the genetic improvement of farm animals. Studies on crossbreeding were first performed at the University of Saskatchewan in 1930, under the direction of J.W. Grant MACEWAN and L.M.Winters. Studies on quantitative genetics in Canada were initiated by Jack Stothart (1934). Since 1940, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada RESEARCH STATIONS at Lacombe and Lethbridge, Alta, Brandon, Man, Lennoxville, Qué, and Ottawa have been active in animal breeding research. Among educational centres, the universities of Guelph, Alberta, McGill and Manitoba have been active in animal breeding research and training. The relative scarcity of scientists and active research centres in this field reflects the high cost of research on genetic improvement of farm animals. Major crossbreeding studies and breed synthesis projects have included the investigations of R.T. Berg and associates at the University of Alberta and Howard FREDEEN and associates at Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. The results of long-term controlled selection studies in hogs by Stothart and Fredeen, in POULTRY by Robert Gowe (Ottawa), and in beef cattle by Berg and scientists at Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada demonstrated the effectiveness of systematic selection, and were all in agreement with theoretical expectations. The Lacombe breed of hogs was the first livestock breed developed in Canada, by Stothart and Fredeen. This breed is popular in many countries around the world. Statistical ProceduresDuring the past 2 decades, scientists at the University of Guelph (B.W. Kennedy, J.W. Wilton, L.R. Schaeffer), in cooperation with scientists at Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, have made significant contributions in the development of modern statistical procedures to compare the genetic potentials of breeding animals (primarily males) by breed or by herd. These procedures use all relevant information available on an animal and its relatives in estimating its relative breeding value. Performance TestsShow-ring standards, once accepted as authoritative criteria for breeding merit, have been gradually replaced by performance tests that objectively measure the differences among promising breeding animals for traits such as growth rate and production of milk, eggs or wool. Performance test stations have been established across Canada to evaluate the individual performances of male animals, primarily hogs and beef cattle, under standard conditions for growth rate, feed efficiency and carcass merit. Livestock exhibitions and fairs now serve primarily to promote breeds and to sell breeding animals that have met performance test criteria (see AGRICULTURAL EXHIBITIONS). Breeding ResearchAnimal breeding research in Canada proceeds on several fronts. Work at McGill has emphasized the genetics of congenital defects in MAMMALS, particularly humans (see GENETIC DISEASES). Guelph continues to contribute to the refinement of mathematical techniques for predicting the genetic potential of breeding animals. GENETIC ENGINEERING techniques (recombinant DNA) have been applied in the production of new vaccines for livestock diseases at the Veterinary Infectious Disease Organization at the University of Saskatchewan. Biotechnologists are trying to identify the genes with major physiological and biochemical effects in farm animals. Incorporation of "desired" genes into the genome without disrupting normal physiological processes will be the challenging task of biotechnologists in the future. Work at other research centres embraces both theoretical and applied aspects of POPULATION GENETICS in studies of mating systems, performance testing and the biological interpretation of genotypic and phenotypic variation. Results of these investigations are published in numerous scientific journals, including the Canadian Journal of Animal Science.
What strengthened the nation's economic independence?
If you are doing a worksheet for The American Republic and its on section 2 and the sheet says activity 10-1 and so on. this should be the same thing. I did not have all the sections just these.Economic Growth - Guided Reading 10.1 pg 306 - 313DIRECTIONS: Recalling the Facts Use the information in your textbook to answer the questions1. When did the Industrial Revolution begin in the United States?2. How did New England's location help industrial growth?3. Why were merchants essential to the Industrial Revolution?4. What three inventions revolutionized the textile industry?5. Who invented the cotton gin?6. What did Congress do in 1790 to protect the rights of inventors?7. How did British industrial technology make its way to the United States?8. Where did Francis Cabot Lowell open a textile plant in 1814?9. What new system did Lowell employ in his mill?10. Who pioneered the use of interchangeable parts?11. How did the Industrial Revolution affect cotton production?12. Who financed the Industrial Revolution's new industries?13. When did Congress charter the Second Bank of the United States?14. What problems came with the growth of towns and cities?15. Why did the threat of diseases loom over city dwellers at the turn of the century?Economic Growth - Reteaching 10.1DIRECTIONS: Matching Match each item in Column A with its corresponding item in Column B.COLUMN A COLUMN BG1. technologyC 2. New EnglandL 3. Free EnterpriseH 4. Eli WhitneyA 5. Samuel SlaterD 6. Francis Cabot LowellJ 7. factory systemM 8. interchangeable partsB 9. farmersI 10. raised pork and cash cropsE 11. Second Bank of the United StatesF 12. New York, Boston, BaltimoreK 13. Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, LouisvilleEssay Answer the following question on a separate sheet of paper.How were Eli Whitney's inventions important to the Industrial Revolution?A. memorized designs of British machinery, then duplicated them in the United StatesB. more than 65 percent of Americans in the 1820sC. profited from location on major riversD. opened a textile plant in Waltham, Massachusetts, in 1814E. strengthened the nation's economic independenceF. Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, Vermont, New HampshireG. scientific discoveries that simplify workH. invented the cotton ginI. western farmers north of the Ohio RiverJ. brought manufacturing steps together in one place to increase efficiencyK. centers of commerce and tradeL. American economyM. uniform pieces that could replace any other identical piecesWestward Bound Guided Reading 10.2 pg 314 - 320Clermontmules or horsesthe Atlantic coastDe Witt ClintonNew York CityErie CanalNational Roadthe great riversnorth-south4 million10 millionsteamboatsRobert FultonfivefourturnpikesMoving WestThe 1790 census of the United States showed a population of nearly (1) 4 million. Most Americans lived within a few hundred miles of (2) The Atlantic Coast. By 1820 the population of the United States had increased to about (3) 10 million people. The 363-mile trip from (4) New York Cityto Buffalo took a pioneer family about three weeks by wagon. Private companies built (5)turnpikes, which charged fees to offset their costs. In 1806 Congress approved funds for a (6) national road to the West. Although river travel was more comfortable, rivers allowed travel in only a (7)north/southdirection. In 1802 Robert Livingston hired (8) Robert Fultonto develop a more powerful steamboat. In 1807 the (9) Clermont made the 150-mile trip from New York City to Albany in only 32 hours.CanalsLed by (10) De Witt Clinton. New York officials planned to link New York City with the Great Lakes region. Thousands of laborers worked on the construction of the 363-mile (11)Erie Canal. At first this waterway did not allow the passage of (12) steamboats Instead, teams of (13) mules and horses hauled the boats and barges.Western SettlementBetween 1791 and 1803, (14) 4 new states were admitted to the Union.Between 1816 and 1821, (15) 5 new states were created. Pioneers tended to settle in communities along (16) The Great Rivers with others from their home communities.There is nothing more than I hate than to have a question asked and not get an answer. Let alone ask more than one and still not get anything. I know it's someones homework, but don't tell me you never tried to get out of it before....Hope you enjoy getting the answers to this assignment.
What is the role of entrepreneurship in Kenya?
The role of entrepreneurship to the economic of Tanzania is to help boost knowledge and tourism in the country in recent years. Entrepreneurship has increased mainly due to young females and selling goods made at home.
What pioneered the assembly line method of production?
Henry ford
Who pioneered the assembly line method of production?
Henry Ford
In what way did henry ford revolutionize the auto industry?
He perfected the assembly line form of construction.
Sfumato was pioneered by what Renaissance artist?
Sfumato was pioneered by Da Vinci.
Who pioneered calculus?
Calculus was pioneered by Sir Issac Newton, followed by Gottfried Leibniz.
Moseley pioneered work in which of these areas?
Moseley pioneered work by deducing the numbers of protons in nuclei.
Who was the first President to grow tomatoes as a crop?
President Thomas Jefferson did not just grow tomatoes. He basically pioneered tomato production in the United States. The variety he grew was known as the Spanish tomato.
Can you put the word pioneered in a sentence?
The word pioneered comes from the description of a 'pioneer' who is a person who sets out to go somewhere, or do domething no one has ever done before. Flemming pioneered the development of antibiotics in medicine following his discovery of penicillin. Astronauts on the Space Shuttle pioneered the opportunity for repeated space flight.
Who pioneered mobile phones?
Army.
Who pioneered the art of gliders?
wilburt
Who was ethical monotheism pioneered by?
isralites
What company pioneered cell phones?
motorola
