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J.M Keynes

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Q: Who said inflation is unjust but deflation is inexpedient?
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Who said inflation is always and everywhere a monetary phenomenon?

Milton Friedman


Deflation in India Deflation and Indian Economy?

Indian economy has slipped into deflation for the first time in over 30 years, the last time being in March 1978. The question that immediately arises in one's mind is whether deflation brings with it all the negatives associated with it and also whether it is an indication of an economy perilously close to recession. Facts however paint a different picture than the expected outcomes and indicators. For one, the falling wholesale prices are not accompanied by contracting demands. This itself is an assurance that the economy is still healthy. Ashok Chawla, a Finance Ministry top official, assuages fears saying the price drop did not signify deterioration in India's overall economic conditions, and would not lead to any shift in economic policy. "These numbers do not reflect any contraction of demand," he said. "In fact, we are doing well and the country is on the path of improved economic performance." Meanwhile a study done by Citigroup indicates that the declining price levels are largely statistical and caused by the sharply lower fuel prices and that inflationary pressures remained. In fact the economy is predicted to be back to its usual inflationary mode by December. "You will see negative numbers for the following weeks, but by year-end we do expect inflation to go back to around 4 per cent," says Rohini Malkani of Citigroup. Reserve Bank of India Governor D Subbarao feels there is no risk of deflation as India doesn't suffer from demand constraints. He added that there also are several other indicators to monitor inflation and not just the wholesale price index. And some of these other measures show that prices of food and primary articles are still high. The RBI Governor said it was important for stimulus plans to work through fully and that they have had some effect on parts of the economy, such as steel, cement, two-wheelers, cars, cargo and freight traffic. About the right course of action, it has been mentioned above that the Citigroup report pinned blame on fuel prices for deflation. The government recognized this fact and was also tempted to hike fuel prices not just to combat deflation but because international crude prices have been inching up. The lesson for consumer then seems to be: Shelling out more for petro products was only on expected lines.


Could you tell me some points on Inflation rate its advantage and disadvantage?

Inflation rate of a country is the rate at which the price of essential commodities in a country is increasing. There is no specific advantage of Inflation, but all country's need to have inflation. If prices of commodities do not go up, then the country's economy is said to be in a stand still. An inflation rate of around 5% is considered a healthy inflation rate and it represents an economy that is growing at a steady pace Disadvantages: When the inflation of a country goes beyond control say for example 10% or more then it has a lot of ill effects on the country & its citizens 1. The spending power of the common man comes down 2. Essential commodities prices shoot up and people cannot afford things like food, clothing & shelter etc...


Can Productivity gains curb inflation?

if there is more productivity, the average cost to make a unit gets lower, and as a result the price is decreased. Therefore, it can be said that productivity gains help to curb inflation since inflation takes place when prices rise. What is written here has a high degree of truth, but remember, the fish net is still filled with inflated dollars and the indention will either be light or short in time.


What is a difference between macro economics amd micro economics with respect to inflation?

Macro economics is the study of an economy and how it functions. Inflation in a macro sense reduces the value of money (and hence all debt and savings) and can cause a country to be less pricecompetitive if it's persistent. It also nullifies the market mechanism that allows people to know a good price off the top of their heads. Micro economics is the study of markets. Inflation isn't a micro concept, but with high inflation in certain markets firms can seek alternatives to the material causing the inflation causing dynamic efficiency (where a firm innovates and benefit the consumer). Inflation also reduces information in a micro economy. As said before people don't intuitively know a good price when an economy is in high inflation meaning that more expensive products can often break into the market.

Related questions

Who said an unjust law is no law?

St. Augustine first articulated the concept that an unjust law is no law at all. This idea has been further explored by luminaries such as Thomas Aquinas, Martin Luther King Jr., and Thomas Jefferson.


What does the term inflation mean?

The term inflation has a few different but related meanings. If you blow air into a balloon you are inflating it, making it expand. That is a kind of inflation. The term is also used in economics to describe a general increase in prices and wages, which is equivalent to a decrease in the value of a unit of currency (such as a dollar). Prices get larger, so they are said to be inflating. If they get lower, that can be called deflation.


What philosopher said an unjust law is no law at all?

St. Augustine is often attributed with the quote "An unjust law is no law at all." However, this idea is more commonly associated with Thomas Aquinas and is often cited in discussions about civil disobedience and the legitimacy of laws.


What did Lincoln name slavery?

Lincoln said slavery was wrong and unjust.


Who said inflation is always and everywhere a monetary phenomenon?

Milton Friedman


How can you consider same-sex marriage as an unjust law?

If you are a homophobe. The reason why it is considered to be an "unjust law" is the massive amount of religious conservatives who believe they must carry on whatever their religions 'require'. Notice how many references are made to the bible when said homophobes attempt to justify their biast answers.


How many times does unjust appear in the bible?

In the KJV the word unjust is in the bible 23 times.Luke 16:10He that is faithful in that which is least is faithful also in much: and he that is UNJUST in the least is UNJUST also in much.Acts 24:15And have hope toward God, which they themselves also allow, that there shall be a resurrection of the dead, both of the just and UNJUST.1 Corinthians 6:1Dare any of you, having a matter against another, go to law before the UNJUST, and not before the saints?Revelation 22:11He that is UNJUST, let him be UNJUST still: and he which is filthy, let him be filthy still: and he that is righteous, let him be righteous still: and he that is holy, let him be holy still.Luke 18:6And the Lord said, Hear what the UNJUST judge saith.Psalms 43:1Judge me, O God, and plead my cause against an ungodly nation: O deliver me from the deceitful and UNJUST man.Proverbs 11:7When a wicked man dieth, [his] expectation shall perish: and the hope of UNJUST [men] perisheth.Proverbs 28:8He that by usury and UNJUST gain increaseth his substance, he shall gather it for him that will pity the poor.Luke 18:11The Pharisee stood and prayed thus with himself, God, I thank thee, that I am not as other men [are], extortioners, UNJUST, adulterers, or even as this publican.2 Peter 2:9The Lord knoweth how to deliver the godly out of temptations, and to reserve the UNJUST unto the day of judgment to be punished:Matthew 5:45That ye may be the children of your Father which is in heaven: for he maketh his sun to rise on the evil and on the good, and sendeth rain on the just and on the UNJUST.1 Peter 3:18For Christ also hath once suffered for sins, the just for the UNJUST, that he might bring us to God, being put to death in the flesh, but quickened by the Spirit:Zephaniah 3:5The just LORD [is] in the midst thereof; he will not do iniquity: every morning doth he bring his judgment to light, he faileth not; but the UNJUST knoweth no shame.Luke 16:8And the lord commended the UNJUST steward, because he had done wisely: for the children of this world are in their generation wiser than the children of light.Proverbs 29:27An UNJUST man [is] an abomination to the just: and [he that is] upright in the way [is] abomination to the wicked.


What are some important speeches that Rutherford B. Hayes said?

Unjust attacks on public men do more good than unmerited praise. (see the link for more quotes.)


How did the mandate of heaven justify rebellion against a ruling dynasty?

It said that a weak or unjust ruler had no right to rule, thus giving emperors an excuse for overthrowing an older dynasty or king.


How did the mandate of heaven allow for the overthrow of Kings for ancient China?

It said that a weak or unjust ruler had no right to rule, thus giving emperors an excuse for overthrowing an older dynasty or king.


What does William pitt meant by the madness you have caused?

He was speaking to the British parliament about the stamp act they imposed on the American colonies. The stamp act was so unjust, he said it caused the madness of the American colonies.


Deflation in India Deflation and Indian Economy?

Indian economy has slipped into deflation for the first time in over 30 years, the last time being in March 1978. The question that immediately arises in one's mind is whether deflation brings with it all the negatives associated with it and also whether it is an indication of an economy perilously close to recession. Facts however paint a different picture than the expected outcomes and indicators. For one, the falling wholesale prices are not accompanied by contracting demands. This itself is an assurance that the economy is still healthy. Ashok Chawla, a Finance Ministry top official, assuages fears saying the price drop did not signify deterioration in India's overall economic conditions, and would not lead to any shift in economic policy. "These numbers do not reflect any contraction of demand," he said. "In fact, we are doing well and the country is on the path of improved economic performance." Meanwhile a study done by Citigroup indicates that the declining price levels are largely statistical and caused by the sharply lower fuel prices and that inflationary pressures remained. In fact the economy is predicted to be back to its usual inflationary mode by December. "You will see negative numbers for the following weeks, but by year-end we do expect inflation to go back to around 4 per cent," says Rohini Malkani of Citigroup. Reserve Bank of India Governor D Subbarao feels there is no risk of deflation as India doesn't suffer from demand constraints. He added that there also are several other indicators to monitor inflation and not just the wholesale price index. And some of these other measures show that prices of food and primary articles are still high. The RBI Governor said it was important for stimulus plans to work through fully and that they have had some effect on parts of the economy, such as steel, cement, two-wheelers, cars, cargo and freight traffic. About the right course of action, it has been mentioned above that the Citigroup report pinned blame on fuel prices for deflation. The government recognized this fact and was also tempted to hike fuel prices not just to combat deflation but because international crude prices have been inching up. The lesson for consumer then seems to be: Shelling out more for petro products was only on expected lines.