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as prices fall supply drops off but demand increases. as prices rise supply increases but demand falls. the system is auto correcting. i'm assuming perfect competition for the following examples (which is when there are many competitors in a market with no product differentiation and no one competitor can set the price of the market and is subject to market forces. think like wheat or corn). if the price of the product is low demand will be high (demand will be low because the prices are low and the consumer will always seek the lowest price ) but supply will be low (this is because the producers always seek the highest possible price). the producers wont be maximizing their profits if they produce when demand is low. but conversely if prices are high demand will be low (remember the consumer is always seeking the lowest possible price) and supply will be high (because the producers will want to maximize profit and make more when the price is high). one condition neutralize the other. the market will alternate between the two conditions each time swing closer to equilibrium (the point at which the supply and demand curves intersect). equilibrium is the most effecent point in the market.

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