Because it isn't important in a private cooperation.
Oligopolies
The Colonies were important because they supply Great Britain raw resources and material.
The two primary theories of corporate social responsibility (CSR) are the stakeholder theory and the shareholder theory. The stakeholder theory posits that companies have obligations to a wide range of stakeholders, including employees, customers, suppliers, and the community, emphasizing ethical considerations and social impact. In contrast, the shareholder theory, often associated with economist Milton Friedman, argues that a corporation's primary responsibility is to maximize shareholder value, suggesting that social initiatives should only be pursued if they align with profit-making objectives.
in theory to help pay for public services such as schools, roads, hospitals, fire fighting, law enforcement. in reality to make corrupt politicians richer
Semi-public goods are typically defined by economists and public policy experts. They are characterized by being partially non-excludable and partially non-rivalrous, meaning that while some individuals can be excluded from using them, their consumption by one individual does not significantly diminish availability for others. Examples include public parks or toll roads, where access can be controlled, but usage does not fully deplete the resource. The concept helps in understanding the balance between public and private goods in economic theory.
The agency theory examines the idea that when one group or individual hires another group or individual and gives them authority, numerous issues will arise between the two parties. This becomes more important in a public entity due to the conflicts between shareholders and the company management.
The problem of agency theory are pricniple and agent.
Agency theory is used to understand the relationships between agents and principals. The agent represents the principal in a particular business transaction and is expected to represent the best interests of the principal without regard for self-interest. ... This leads to the principal-agent problem.
Agency theory helps to align the interests of principals (shareholders) and agents (managers) by providing incentives for the agent to act in the best interest of the principal. Through mechanisms such as performance-based compensation and monitoring, agency theory aims to reduce agency conflicts and ensure that managers make decisions that maximize shareholder value. Additionally, agency theory provides a framework for understanding the relationships and responsibilities between principals and agents in a business setting.
Different theories of state are important in outlining the different processes of public policy and specially policy formulation. There are four major theories of state which shape policy formulation - i) Pluralistic theory of state ii) Marxist theory of state iii) Neo-liberal theory of state iv) Feminist theory of state
In accordance with political costs theory, to avoid the shifting of business wealth towards the public and/or political sector, companies will voluntarily disclose information when this will lead to an improvement in the relationships with governments and the public sector by decreasing political costs (e.g. taxes) and obtaining certain advantages (subsidies, governmental actions in favour of the corporation, etc.).
In accordance with political costs theory, to avoid the shifting of business wealth towards the public and/or political sector, companies will voluntarily disclose information when this will lead to an improvement in the relationships with governments and the public sector by decreasing political costs (e.g. taxes) and obtaining certain advantages (subsidies, governmental actions in favour of the corporation, etc.).
Agency theory is a theory explaining the relationship between principals, such as a shareholders, and agents, such as a company's executives. In this relationship the principal delegates or hires an agent to perform work. The theory attempts to deal with two specific problems: first, that the goals of the principal and agent are not in conflict (agency problem), and second, that the principal and agent reconcile different tolerances for risk.
Agency theory pertains to the relationship between two parties; the first is the principal (or principals) and the second, the agent (or agents), who are engaged as employees or independent contractors.
Two forms of agency theory have developed: positivist and principal-agent (Jensen, 1983). Positivist researchers have emphasized governance mechanisms primarily in large corporations.
Pluralist Theory
public revenue is the government income