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consumption, especially of non-durable goods is stable because people need to consume many resources they buy on a day to day basis. In a recession, people still need to eat.

The second reason that consumption is stable is more subtle, it is the permanent income hypothesis, which states that a person will spend a consistent amount of money throughout their lifetime, not based on current earnings, but based on the income they will make in their lifetime.

Investment is volatile in a recession because firms do not feel comfortable expanding in a recession because they feel that the returns on the investment would not surpass the investment.

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