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Discrimination is an economic concern on a micro level because it creates an inefectiveness in the economy. Let us look at a simple model with black and white labour, assuiming "ceteris paribus", the only difference between the two workers is the colour of their skin. The marginal product is not dependent of the colour of the workers skin so with everything else equal as we assumed, then the marginal product of the two workers is also equal to each other.

If we simplify the model to better understand then the cost of the company is:

C=quantityofblacksemployed*wageblack+quantityofwhitesemployed*wagewhite

The company maximises it's profit when the wage=Marginal revenue product of labour = MR*MPL... (marginal revenue*marginal product of labour)

But with discrimination, whites can take higher wages then optimal and blacks must take lower wages then what's optimal for the company. This creates an opportunity cost for the company that doesn't maximize its profits.

On an aggregate level this has an overall effect on the economy because a part of the GDP of an economy is the sum of what all companies produces...

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