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A control group is an essential part of any experiment because it allows you to reach a reliable conclusion. For example, let's say that you wanted to test out a new diet pill to determine how effective it was. You would need to obtain test subjects and divide them into two groups. The first group would be given the new diet pill while the second group (your control group) would be given a placebo. If at the end of the designated time, the first group lost more weight (a statistically significant amount more) than the control group, you would be able to state conclusively that the pill was effective for weight loss.

In the absence of a control group, it would be unclear whether the cause of the weight loss in your subjects was due to the diet pill or other unrelated factors.

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