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In Thomas Aquinas' philosophy, a human act is defined as an action performed with knowledge and will, distinguishing it from mere instinctual or involuntary actions. These acts are morally significant because they reflect the rational nature of humans, allowing for ethical evaluation based on good and evil. Aquinas emphasizes that human acts arise from reason and are directed towards an ultimate end or purpose, which is ultimately aligned with the pursuit of the good. This framework is central to his moral theology and understanding of virtue.

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