This question is so non-specific as to be pointless.
Look around you. Everything you can see, you can see from Earth. Now travel around the world and look around you everywhere you go, then add that to the list.
No. You can not see Mercury from Earth!
see you at the
we can see continents on earth
Your home is smaller than the earth but you can see it!
Yes, astronauts can see the curvature of the Earth from space.
The earth.
Google Earth
From space but not earth.
Earth revolves around the sun. That is why the constellations we see from Earth appear to change.
As it orbits the Earth there are times it can see the moon and there are times when it is on the opposite side of the Earth to the moon, so it can't see it.
The blueness you see on the Earth from space is the oceanic water.
No, the center of the Earth is too hot to reach. Therefore, you can't see it.