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Sugar. That's pretty much it -- or to say it more properly, fermentable carbohydrates. The idea of the caries model is that the plaque (bacteria) on your teeth absorb the sugars you eat, metabolize it, produce a by-product of lactic acid, which then eats away at your teeth. Prevention of dental caries revolves around these basic areas:

1) brush, floss, good oral hygiene - get rid of the plaque (bacteria)

2) fluoride - makes teeth more resistant to decay, and interferes with bacteria's metabolism

3) avoid sugars - bacteria can't make acid without sugars (fermentable carbohydrates)

4) other measures such as sealants - block the bacteria/acid from getting in the grooves of teeth, which are highly susceptible to decay.

There are more details to this topic, but that is the basic idea.

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