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Stabat mater - "mater" is the nominative case of the Latin word for 'mother'. Nominative means subject, which means 'mother' is doing something. As in Latin, sentences are comprised of a subject and a verb. 'T' is a typical ending for third person verbs, "stabat, stabant". Stabat comes from the Latin word 'to stand' which is 'sto, stare'. Stabat is in the imperfect tense, meaning an action that happened in progress--not absolute, not completed. Thus: Stabat mater means "the mother was standing" (I believe this relates to the first lines, which describe Mother Mary standing by the cross grieving. "Stabat mater dolorosa", 'the grieving mother was standing. . .'). Hope that helps.

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