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Structural isomerism refers to a type of isomerism where molecules with the same molecular formula have different arrangements of atoms. This can occur in various ways, such as different branching of carbon chains or different functional groups attached to the same carbon skeleton. The distinct arrangement leads to different physical and chemical properties despite having the same number and type of atoms. Understanding structural isomerism helps in recognizing the diversity of organic compounds.
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What is meant by isomerism and what are the types of isomerism?
Isomerism is the phenomenon in which two or more compounds have same molecular formula but their structural formula is different. The compounds are called Isomers.There are 2 types of isomerism.1) Structural Isomerism which is further classied into 5 more types of isomerisms:i) Chain Isomerism which is due to difference in nature or the carbon chain e.g. isopentane, neopentane or n-pentaneii) Position isomerism which is due to the difference in position of the functional group or unsaturated linkage in the same carbon chain. e.g. 1-Chloropropane is the isomer or 2-chloropropane or another example is 1-butene which is isomer of 2-buteneiii) Functional group isomerism in which there are different functional group but same molecular formula. e.g. dimethyl ether is functional group isomer of ethyl alcoholiv) Metamerism is due to the unequal distribution of carbon atoms on either side of the functional group and such compounds belong to same homologous series. e.g. diethyl ether and methyl n-propyl ether are metamers.dietheyl ether: CH3 - CH2 - O - CH2 - CH3methyl n-propyl: CH3 - O - CH2 - CH2 - CH3v) Tautomerism due to shifting of proton from one atom to other in the same molecule.The 2nd type of isomerism is Cis-trans Isomerism or geometric isomerism and compounds who possess same structural formula but differ with respect to the positions of the identical groups in space are called cis-trans isomers and the phenomenon is cis-trans or geometric isomerism.
What is meant by position isomerism?
Position isomerism refers to a type of structural isomerism where compounds have the same molecular formula but differ in the position of a functional group or substituent on the carbon chain. This variation can lead to different chemical properties and reactivities. For example, in butanol, the hydroxyl (-OH) group can be positioned at different carbon atoms, resulting in different isomers like 1-butanol and 2-butanol.
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