Urbanization is the process through which populations move from rural areas to urban centers, leading to the growth and expansion of cities. This phenomenon is often driven by economic opportunities, improved living standards, and better access to services and infrastructure. Urbanization can result in significant social, economic, and environmental changes, including increased job creation and cultural exchange, but it can also lead to challenges like overcrowding, pollution, and inadequate housing. Overall, urbanization shapes the dynamics of modern societies and influences global development patterns.