measure of central tendency...Updating previous answer by prior responder...I believe the more accurate answer is a frequency distribution.
It is a table that summarises data for a number of observations on a variable. For each value (or range of values) that the variable takes the table shows the number of instances in which the variable took that value.
It is a function that gives the probabilities associated with the discrete number of values that a random variable can take.
The first will have numerical values associated wit the observations the second will not.
Discrete data are observations on a variable that which take values from a discrete set.
The mean is sometimes also known as the arithmetic average. For a finite number of observations, it is he sum of their values divided by the total number. It can also be described as the expected value of a variable. If a discrete numerical variable X can take the values x, then the mean is the sum [x*pr(X = x)] where the summation is over all possible values of x. For a continuous variable, replace the summation by integration.
The answer depends on whether or not you (or someone else) have any control over it. If someone has control then they can choose the values. If not, you get what the observations give you.
what do we call a measure that is relatively unaffected by extreme observations
They can do, but there are some circumstances where they may not be particularly useful. If, for example, the observations are not in order of the values of the independent variable, then a line plot will be difficult to read. If there are several different values of the dependent variable for a single value of the independent variable, the graph may be difficult to interpret. If there are two or more observations where the values of both variables are the same, the graph may not indicate that the point is in fact a multiple observation.
The whole point of a nominal variable is that is has no numerical value associated with it. With a binary measure you can allocated the values 1 and 0 or +1 and -1 for observations where the attribute is present or absent. If there are more than 2 values that the nominal variable can take then you can allocate any numbers that you want but in all cases the numbers do not have a value: they are simply symbols which can help for sorting and for binary comparisons.
A variable is a named storage location that can hold any data value. A variable has two associated values ; r value and l value.
Average over time refers to the calculation of the mean or average value of a given variable over a specific period. This involves adding up all the values of the variable during that period and dividing by the number of observations. It helps in understanding the trend or behavior of the variable over time.
You add together the values observed and divide the sum by the number of observations.