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Law professors are virtually always lawyers, holding the juris doctorate (J.D.) degree. Often, law professors will also hold additional degrees, such as a Ph.D., or an advanced law degree, such as an LL.M. or an S.J.D. Prior to obtaining these graduate degrees, law professors also must first obtain a bachelor's degree, such as a bachelor of arts (B.A.) or bachelor of science (B.S.).

In order to be competitive for a position teaching law, a candidate must generally graduate with a very high class ranking. In addition, successful candidates for law professorships will usually have served on their law school's law review staff, clerked for a federal or state supreme court judge, and worked for several years at a prestigious law firm. There are more than 200 applicants for every tenure-track law teaching job, making these positions among the most competitive in the field of law.

Advancement. For faculty, a major goal in the traditional academic career is attaining tenure. The process of attaining tenure can take approximately 7 years with faculty moving up the ranks in tenure-track positions as they meet specific criteria. The ranks are assistant professor, associate professor, and professor. Law schools usually hire new tenure-track faculty as instructors or assistant professors under term contracts. At the end of the period, their record of teaching, research, and overall contribution to the institution is reviewed and tenure may be granted if the review is favorable. Those denied tenure usually must leave the institution. Tenured professors cannot be fired without just cause and due process. Tenure protects the faculty's academic freedom-the ability to teach and conduct research without fear of being fired for advocating controversial or unpopular ideas. It also gives both faculty and institutions the stability needed for effective research and teaching, and provides financial security for faculty. Some institutions have adopted post-tenure review policies to encourage ongoing evaluation of tenured faculty.

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