The judges were not a part of the monarchy; they were a separate institution. There function was, of course, to judge disputes.
It is the book of Judges.
Eli and Samuel were the last two judges of Israel before the era of the monarchy began.
Elijah
The prophet Samuel served as a bridge between the Judges and the Kings of Israel. He anointed both Saul and David as the first two kings of Israel, transitioning the nation from a period of judges to a monarchy.
Deborah (Judges ch.4).
no
No, Barack is not mentioned in the Book of Judges in the Bible. The Book of Judges primarily focuses on the period of time between the conquest of Canaan and the establishment of the monarchy in ancient Israel.
The twelve judges, often referred to as the Judges of Israel, are known for their leadership and military prowess during the period of the Israelite confederation before the establishment of monarchy. They served as both military leaders and arbiters of disputes, guiding the Israelites in times of crisis and helping to deliver them from oppression. Notable judges include Deborah, Gideon, and Samson, each of whom is associated with specific stories of triumph and moral lessons. Their narratives are primarily found in the Book of Judges in the Hebrew Bible, highlighting themes of faith, courage, and divine intervention.
There was never any place called "Hebrew". If you are talking about Israel, it was a monarchy in ancient times. Today it is a parlimentary republic.
No. They are meant to be 'above' politics - today we might say 'outside' politics. That means they are unbiased judges, who do not stand to gain from the fortunes of any party or policy. Their function is to advise and to warn. The institution of monarchy is easy to ridicule. But many republics have seen the wisdom of restoring the monarchy.
The Hebrew word "oht" (אות) is sometimes used in that context (Judges 6:17).
According to the Hebrew Bible as it is found in today's printed editions, Eichah (Lamentations) is after Ruth.