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Oxford Castle was built 1071 by Robert D'Oilly for William the Conqueror. Castles were built up and down the country immediately after the Conquest in order to establish control over the native populations. Oxford Castle was built over the west end of the town destroying a good part of it and would have been quite simply the largest and most dominating structure in the town. Castles at that time were a military stronghold with a tower on a mound and massive earthworks called baileys, nothing like later medieval castle which were vast
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