-Transport Layer
Transport
An echo-request is a sort of ICMP (Internet Control Messaging Protocol). This protocol is used to check and control the IP packet traffic.For example, ping and traceroute packets are echo requests.
Arpa (Automatic Repeat reQuest) is a protocol used in telecommunications to ensure reliable data transmission over unreliable networks. When data packets are lost or corrupted during transmission, Arpa triggers retransmission requests to recover the lost data. It helps in maintaining data integrity and minimizing transmission errors in network communication.
UDP protocol. ----------------------------------- Well my version of answer is: In the case of IP and UDP, these are unreliable protocols that do not guarantee delivery, so they do not notify the source. TCP does guarantee delivery. However, the technique that is used is a timeout. If the source does not receive an acknowledgment to data within a given period of time, the source retransmits.
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upper layer connection oriented protocols
Packet Internet Groper(PING) is an Internet Control Message Protocol(ICMP) request packet for it's working. ICMP packets are used to check networks are live or not. -- By MYNarutoAnime ----
Point to Point Protocol (PPP) protocol is utilized to establish a connection betweenyour PC and your ISP (Internet Service Provider). PPP is used on two points-connection onlyusually modem to modem. This protocol accomplishes a few main tasks:Checks the condition of the phone line.Checks your password.Provides your computer with an IP address valid for the duration of connection.Establishes the configuration of packets (packet size, compression, etc).Acknowledge one part that the other is closing the connection.PPP operates by sending Request packets and waiting for Acknowledge packets that either accept, rejector try to change the request.Various protocols are utilized to accomplish different tasks which together form the PPP.
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It is a protocol which tries to find route from source to destination only on-demand...This type of protocols finds a route on demand by flooding the network with Route Request packets. The main disadvantages of such algorithms are:High latency time in route finding.Excessive flooding can lead to network clogging.
HTTP Protocol stands for Hyper Text Transfer Protocol. It is the protocol used to convey information of World Wide Web (WWW). HTTP protocol is a stateless and connectionless protocol. HTTP is called as a stateless protocol because each command is request is executed independently, without any knowledge of the requests that were executed before it. It is the protocol used for the web. It is based on a request/request paradigm. In this protocol the communication generally takes place over a TCP/IP protocol.and Ip is a internet protocol which is responsible to communicate network (internet),
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