Tax payers
the national road
The home owner is responsible for repairs to the property. Depending on the amount available under the reverse mortgage, funds from the reverse loan may be available to make those repairs.
National Road.
In most countries all public roads are 'owned' by the government and if that is the case then repairs to that road are the responsibility of the government (paid for out of taxes). However some roads in private estates are deemed to be private roads (they have not been adopted by the government). In this case repairs to and maintenance of the road is usually the responsibility of the resident using the road. Also on private roads the national 'Rules of the road' would not be enforceable by the police/state.
If someone repairs a road, but does it badly so as to create a condition likely to cause an accident, then you might be sued. The fact that the intention was to repair a road is not enough to insulate the person from liability if the "repairs" caused some other dangerous condition.
Whether you can keep the insurance money for your roof repairs depends on your policy and the specific circumstances. It's important to review your policy and consult with your insurance company to understand the terms and conditions regarding the use of the funds for repairs.
construction workers
Administers it. Repairs the roads, funds the schools and pays the teachers, collects the rubbish, etc, etc.
The key phrase in your question is 'shortage of funds'. If the association borrows money from its owners to make repairs, then the owners and the association need a written agreement that details the repayment plan. A more common and more sound approach dictates that the association levies a special assessment against all owners to pay for repairs and other services. An association that operates with a 'shortage of funds' is not an association where units will be attractive to buyers.
To have your mortgage lender release insurance funds after repairs, first ensure that the repairs are completed and documented, typically with receipts and photos. Then, contact your lender to request a disbursement, following their specific process, which may include submitting a formal request or an inspection. Some lenders may require a third-party inspection to verify that the work has been completed satisfactorily before releasing funds. Always check your mortgage agreement for any specific conditions that apply.
Expenses such as unexpected medical bills, car repairs, or sudden job loss would justify using funds from an emergency fund.
Some of the best road bike work stands on the market for maintenance and repairs are the Feedback Sports Pro Elite, Park Tool PCS-10, and Topeak PrepStand Pro. These stands are sturdy, adjustable, and designed specifically for road bikes.