Research and discuss the basic theories of motivation as well as a description of what they are
Theory X is the traditional theory of human behavior. According to this theory, workers are inherently lazy, passive and unambitious. Therefore there is a need for control and direction over workers. People at work are to follow the directives of the management and cannot suggest what they think to be correct. Theory Y represents democratic approach. Theory Y indicates the individual and organisation both and highlights the need for improving and utilising inner motivation.
The Albert Ellis theory is a form of cognitive-behavioral therapy known as Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT). Ellis believed that our thoughts and beliefs about events influence our emotions and behaviors. He focused on identifying and challenging irrational beliefs to help individuals change their emotional reactions and behavioral responses.
The democratization or democratic participant theoryemphasizes and supports the following mentioned thing's importance:The media's multiplicity;Local nature of media;Usage of the media in small scale;De-institutionalizing media;Reciprocal part of recipient or communicator;Horizontal media;Involvement and interaction.Democratization / Democratic Participant Media Theory's staple principles are summarized by Mc Quail, in the year 1987. The principles are mentioned below:Minority-groups and individuals must be capable of enforcing the claims made by them for:Freedom of approaching to media;Freedom of asking for the service against the needs, demanded by them, to the media.Media's organization and message's content should be designed in such a way that it is not affected by the bureaucratic and political control.Media's existence should be proved in respect of the interests and need of the recipients & should not be justified in respect of interests and needs of media entity, professional workers of media or the advertisers.Communities, organizations and groups must own media individually.Participatory, small-scale and interactive types of the media have been considered of more profit in comparison to unidirectional and large-scale media. The later are taken into use by only professional-media-workers.Generally, needs of the society are not taken into consideration by the set media.Democratic Participant Media Theory considers communication or mass media as very important and should be managed by the professionals.Democratic-participant theory is in the support of following points:Freedom to associated local data.Freedom for answering backFreedom for using new communication means for the purpose of interactionFreedom of taking social-action in community, subculture's and interest-group's small-scale settings.There was a challenge given by the theory to the requirements for & desirability of centralized, uniform, professionalized, commercialized, state-controlled or high-cost media. Instead of these above mentioned media, encouragement should be given to small-scale, multiple, local, committed or non-institutional media, as these media link the senders with the receivers & also give favor to interaction's horizontal designs or patterns.Theory's practical aspects are varied and many, including alternative or underground press, micro-media's availability in the rural areas, community-cable TV, wall-posters and media designed for ethnic-minorities and women. Interaction and participation are the important concepts of the democratic participant media theory. This theory has been considered as reaction. It is expresses by this theory that the faith in a people has been broken by the disillusionment's sense with the established parties of politics & with the system of media. Media should not be taken in use for empowering and stimulating pluralistic-groups. Democratic participant theory, unlike the social-responsibility theory, focuses on the new small-media's development which the members of the group can control directly.
Your fixed cost is going to be lower than you average cost and marginal cost as it is what you have to pay no matter what. If your business has a fixed cost of $800 (renting the building, insurance, and other things that don't change month to month) per month you and utilities, pay roll, and inventory to that (all things that change month to month) and average the amount out over, lets just say, a year this will allow you to subtract the average cost from the fixed cost to get the average marginal cost. You can deduce that the marginal cost month by month is the total minus the fixed. Draw your own graph. Another way of putting it.. Average Cost curve has a U shape and the Marginal Cost curve intersects the Average Cost curve at its minimum. Average Cost has U shape because when a firm starts producing initially, it experiences increasing returns - as the Fixed Costs are being spread over more levels of output and the combination of input factors reach optimum. This is where AC curve is falling. Then once the Short-run capacity constraints of the Fixed Inputs is reached, the firm begins to experience diminishing marginal returns to its variable inputs. In other words, the principle of diminishing returns is becoming more dominant. This is where AC curve is increasing. When MC is below AC, AC is falling because producing an extra output will pull down average costs. When MC is above AC, AC is rising, because producing an extra output will increase AC. Therefore MC always intercepts a U shaped AC curve at its minimum point.
The theories are: F.W Taylor, Maslow, Herzberg, Mc Gregor
Douglas Mc Gregor's assumption is base upon theory X and theory Y. Theory X xplains those people who don't like to work, try to escape from work as much as possible. on the other hand theory Y xplains those, who worship their work and enjoy 2 work.
enstiens einstein's theory of relativity e=mc squared
maslow or hertzberg or expentency theory it simply means, encouragement that takes the form of reflection within, or external in the form of rewards and recognition so that the action and behaviour and be reinforced. Normally for positive outcomes.
The theories are: F.W Taylor, Maslow, Herzberg, Mc Gregor
x assumes employees are unmotivated etc and have to be handled with severity like prison inmates Y assumes employees want to be productive, helpful and creative and can be managed to maximize these efforts. A theory X manager will soon beat the motivation out of a theory Y worker, thus proving to himself that X was right all along. A theory Y manager will eventually figure out that a theory X worker believes people are unmotivated because the worker himself is unmotivated. Thus, it is better for work teams to be all X or all Y. Given that, the Y teams will out produce the X teams.
E=MC^2. Theory of relativity.
The correct equation is E = mc2. It's Einstein's Theory of Relativity.
the theory of relativity (E=mc ²)
Relativity.
Because he made the general theory of relativity-E=MC.
The theory of relativity can help you but not with the equation E=mc^2 E=mc^2 is just a conversion between mass and energy.